Vardaman ch. 1-3

Protestant Reformation

where martin luther questioned the catholic church

enclosure movement

landowners converted their estates to sheep farms by enclosing the land and evicting the tenants

joint-stock company

A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts.

Head right system

offered land to anyone who came over

indentured servants

anyone willing to work for the company for 7 years

House of Burgesses

first legislative body

describe what happened the 2 different times roanoke was established

the first time was where Raleigh sent 100 mean to roanoke and after a hard winter they all returned. the second time Raleigh sent 91 men 17 women and 9 children to roanoke where they thrived until they mysteriously disappeared and became the lost colony of roanoke

why was jamestown a bad choice for settlement?

it was swampy, hot, and humid. plus malaria was present in the mosquitoes

what role did john rolfe and john smith play in jamestowns success

john smith was the only strong leader and he enacted trade with the natives. john rolfe experimented with different seeds from Trinidad until tobacco became a cash crop

pequot wars

the first major conflict between the natives and settlers

kind philip's war

the wampanoag warriors attacked which marked the beginning of the bloodiest battle

quakers

people who believed in inner light and saw no need for ministers or church; basically objected to all political and religious authority and advocated pacifism

carolina's

founded by anthony ashley cooper; both wanted to make money and be a safe haven for christian's

georgia

founded by james oglethorpe; it was created to be a haven for debtors

why after charles II took the throne did colonization resume for england

it was no longer seen ad risky business ventures but instead as vital sources of raw materials and markets

how did pennsylvania and delaware come to exist

Willian penn asked for a grant of land between NY and Maryland because he was owed a favor from the royal family

Massachusetts

Founded by John Winthrop as a safe haven for puritans; kicked people out

maine

founded by gorges as a safe haven from puritans; puritans owned them

pennsylvania

founded by william penn for quaker's; most successful colony

georgia

founded by james oglethorpe to be a safe haven for debtors; one of the firsts to ban slavery

delaware

founded by william penn for quakers; broke off of pennsylvania

new hampshire

founded by john mason to be a haven from puritans; Anne Hutchinson was found dead here

new jersey

founded by catertet and lord berkeley for location purposes

jamestown

founded by john snitch and john rolfe to be the first colony; was first colony

maryland

founded by lord baltimore for catholics; allowed other faiths

rhode island

founded by roger williams to separate church and state; kicked out by puritans

plymouth

founded by william bradford for separatists; first turkey day

New york

founded by the english because of jealousy; the dutch owned it

connecticut

founded by thomas hooker for ment to vote; created fundamental orders of connecticut

crusades

holy war

line of demarcation

an imaginary line, north to sounth, running down the middle of the atlantic. granted spain control of everything west, granted portugal control of everything east

encomienda system

A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians; it was a disguised form of slavery.

there were three advances made in exploration. Names those 3 and describe each.

astrolabe: earliest compass; lateen sails: catches wind in an direction; caravel: faster ships/easier to sail

who was the first european country to search asia?

portugal

who trained men for exploration and had a school

prince henry the navigator

What did Bartholomeu Dias get credit for doing?

reaching the southern tip of africa

What did Vasco da Gama do?

rounded africa and reached the coast of india

how did the great empires in west africa gain wealth and power

controlling trade in gold and salt

what led to the collapse of the three great empires of west africa

decline in food production

what introduced slavery

sugar cane

What led Europeans to begin exploring the New World?

crusades and renaissance

What did Claudius Prolemvis maps use for drawing AND why was it an issue?

used basic system of longitude and latitude, made earth seem much smaller

What did Christopher Columbus get credit for doing?

finding cuba and hispaniola; landed in bahamas

Under the Line of Demarcation, what did Spain get AND what did Portugal gain?

spain got control of everything west and portugal got control of everything east

What made the Line of Demarcation official?

treaty of tordesaills

Amerigo Vespucci -

named the americas

Juan Ponce de Leo -

discovered florida

Vasco de Balboa

First European to reach the Pacific Ocean

Ferdinand Magellan

discovered strait at the tip of SA

Hernan Cortes

conquistodor of Mexico

Diego Velazquez

conquered cuba

Francisco Pizzaro

landed in peru and conquered the incas

Narvaez-

discovered texas

Francisco de Coronado

Went searching for Cibola and wandered through southwest area of US

Hernando de Soto

explored southeast area

What was the purpose of presidios?

ti protect settlers/ serve as trading posts

What determines a person's position in society for the Spanish?

birth, income, education

What was the first permanent town in the US?

st.Augustine

Giovanni Verazano

mapped coastline from NC to Newfoundland

Jacques Cartier -

discovered St. Lawrence River

Samuel de Champlain

established a french colony in Acadia

What did females and males have to do in French colonies to receive a royal gift?

a. Females - marry under 16

b. Males - marry under 20

How could a family receive financial bonuses in French colonies?

have 10+ children

What happened to fathers whose kids did not get married early in French society?

they had to pay fines every year after the age of 16

Who settled Louisiana AND for what purpose?

Robert La Salle, area was great for tobacco, rice, sugar, and indigo