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Explain the role of the skeletal system
Provides structure, support, protects organs, and works with muscles to allow movement
Explain the role of the muscular system
Muscles contract and relax to move bones at joints
Explain the role of the cardiovascular system
Transports oxygen, nutrients, and removes waste products around the body
Explain the role of the respiratory system
Brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide
Explain how the muscular and skeletal systems work together
Muscles contract and pull on bones at joints to create movement
Explain how the cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together
The respiratory system brings in oxygen and the cardiovascular system transports it to the muscles
Describe how all body systems work together during exercise
The respiratory system supplies oxygen, the cardiovascular system transports it, muscles use it to contract, and the skeleton allows movement
Define an agonist muscle
The muscle responsible for causing a movement
Define an antagonist muscle
The muscle that opposes the movement
Explain the relationship between agonist and antagonist muscles
They work in pairs, one contracts while the other relaxes to create movement
Describe flexion
Bending a joint, decreasing the angle between bones
Describe extension
Straightening a joint, increasing the angle between bones
Describe abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body
Describe adduction
Movement toward the midline of the body
Describe rotation
Turning a body part around its axis
Identify the joint type of the knee
Hinge joint
Identify the joint type of the shoulder
Ball-and-socket joint
Identify the joint type of the neck
Pivot joint
Explain how the biceps and triceps work together
The biceps contract to bend the arm while the triceps relax, and vice versa to straighten it
Describe the function of the quadriceps
Straighten the knee joint
Describe the function of the hamstrings
Bend the knee joint
Explain why oxygen is important for muscles
Oxygen is needed to produce energy for muscle contraction
Explain what happens to breathing rate during exercise
It increases to bring more oxygen into the body
Explain what happens to heart rate during exercise
It increases to pump more oxygenated blood to muscles