the wars of the three kingdoms

James VI key events

• believed in the divine right of kings

• war in scotland broke out - england tried to impose the book of common prayer, which many people were unhappy about

• ireland - people there were catholic, but england was protestant, which worried English people that a catholi c rebellion would break out

Charles I key events

• 1629-1640 - ‘the personal rule’ - charles I ruled without parliament

• 1634 - charles began to run out of money, so taxes like hsip money were implemented on people

• 1640 - charles ran out of money and recalled parliament, but parliament did not agree to his demands

• 1642 - charles raised his stand against parliament, marking the start of the english civil war - king vs parliament

• during this, rebellion in Ireland broke out

what key event happened in 1649?

charles I was executed.

this was significant for many reasons:

• it was the first time the public and parliament had won against the monarch

• it shocked people across europe

• it gave people belief that they now had a say

Oliver Cromwell

• ruled as Lord Protector, NOT king

• helped to establish control

• parliament was dissolved many times

• HOWEVER entertainment was mostly banned across the country

• 1649 - the army was sent to Ireland to stop the rebellion - 41% of the population was killed

why was it significat that oliver cromwell DIDN’T rule as king?

• because it was the first time a non-royal had the mosyt power in the country

• he didn’t want to be associated wiht the harships and dislike the public had for Charles I (his predecessor) - he wanted to prove that he wouldn’t cause as many problems as previous monarchs

Richard Cromwell

• Oliver Cromwells son

• incapable of leading the country

• passed down problems from his father - commonwealth was in debt and there was still war in ireland

• forced to resign & Rump Parliament called

• the Rump Parliament failed as the army was suspicious of them

what was the Rump Parliament?

the name given to the remaning members of parliament after Charles I’s execution

Charles II

• nicknamed the merry monarch

• returned from exile (exiled after the defeat and execution of his father - charles I)

• new that to rule well he had to work with the nobles and gentry

• religious services other than the CoE were banned

• people enjoyed themselves more

James II

• struggled as he was Catholic, but England was Protestant

• dissolved parliament

• tried (and failed) no make england catholic

• fled the country with his wife and son

William of Orange

• invited becuase he was protestant and his wife Mary was a Stuart, carrying on the bloodline

• took over when James II fled

• was invited by Parliament

• England became a constitutional monarchy following the glorious revolution (monarchy had no power, and instead was just a figurehead)

• shift of power - parliament to monarchy

overall impacts

• parliament became key power

• monarch could only be protestant (because of how religion started the WO3K)

• parliament decided all taxes and makes all laws

• state expenditure would be controlled by parliament