Inhibitors Ox Phos and selected values for gibbs free (copy)

What does Rotenone inhibit 

Transfer of electrons from Complex I to coenzyme Q

What does amytal inhibit

Transfer of electrons from Complex I to coenzyme Q

What does Antimycin C inhibit

Transfer of electrons from Complex III to cytochrome c

What does Carbon monoxide (CO) Inhibit 

Transfer of electrons from Complex IV to oxygen

What does Cyanide (CN⁻) inhibit

Transfer of electrons through Complex IV to oxygen

what does Atractyloside Inhibit

Inhibits the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT)

What does Oligomycin Inhibit

Inhibits proton flow through the F₀ component of ATP synthase

what does Dinitrophenol (DNP) do

An uncoupler; facilitates proton transfer across the inner mitochondrial membrane

What does Valinomycin do? 

A potassium ionophore; facilitates potassium ion transfer across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Malonate

Inhibits of Complex II by binding to the active site of the enzyme without reacting.

How does valinomycin inhibit Oxidative Phosphorylation

It disrupts membrane potential, which uncouples oxidative phosphorylation indirectly.

How does Dinitrophenol (DNP) inhibit?

lets protons leak back into matrix, causing the ETC to speed up but ATP synthase can’t use gradient, and then energy is lost as heat.

ΔG°’ for 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG)

-11.8

ΔG°’ Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

−14.8

ΔG°’ Creatine phosphate (Phosphocreatine)

−10.3

ΔG°’ Acetyl-CoA

−7.5

Competitive Inhibition effects

Higher Km (less affinity)

Uncompetitive Inhibition

Lower Km and Vmax

Noncompetitive Inhibition

Lower Vmax

Stearic Acid

Saturated FA with 18 Carbons

Palmitic Acid

Saturated FA with 16 Carbons

Oleic Acid

18:1D9

A-Linolenic Acid

18:3D9,12,15

Arachidonic Acid

20:4D5,8,11,14

What is an Acylglyceride

Any form of Tri/Di/Monoacylglyceride attached via ester linkages

Saturated FA melting points are X compared to unsaturated

Higher

Unsaturated FA melting points are X compared to saturated

Lower

Phosphoacylglycerols

Phosphatidylcholine is also known as lecithin and Phosphatidic acid is the simplest glycerophospholipid.

Removal of one of the FA chains in Phosphoacylglycerols results in

Lyso-lipid

Sphingolipids

Have a nitrogen (amide bond)

Sterols

Contain a four-ring core called the steroid nucleus and are derived from cholesterol.