Exploration Of The Oceans

These flashcards cover key figures, discoveries, and advancements in the exploration of the oceans from ancient to modern times.

Lapita People and Pacific Navigators

Lapita People traveled to Fiji, Hawaiian Islands, New Zealand, Easter Is. and Marquesas Is

Polynesians

Navigating Tools

Phoenicians

Sailed the Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Brittish Isle and Circumnavigated Africa

Pytheas

Determined Latitude by using North Star

Eratosthenes

Calculated circumference of earth using shadow from a stick and simple geometry! 40,000 km (actual 40,032 km)

Ptolemy

Greek-Roman mathematician and astronomer who produced maps with lat. & long. & and updated the Earth circumference to only 29,000 km (wrong)

Arabs

Learned to use Indian Oceans Monsoon winds for trade and travel

Vikings (800 to 1,000 A.D.)

Colonized Iceland, Greenland & Vinland (Abandoned 1450 due to climate cooling and poor farming practice)

Chinese (1421)

First Chinese to possibly discover America?

Christopher Columbus (1492)

Wrongly given credit for discovering North America (Actually went south to Caribbean)

John Cabot (1497)

First European to discover North America

Ferdinand Magellan

Magellan’s crew circumnavigated the globe with 5 ships & 280 sailors taking 3 years, landed with 1 ship & 18 sailors

Sextant (1731)

Used to determine latitude at sea

John Harrison

-Invented the Chronometer

-very accurate clock

-enabled longitude to be dermined

Captain James Hook

-First marine scientist to measure the oceans characteristics

-Took soundings with a weighted rope to determine depth

-Determine outline of Pacific Ocean

-Conquered Scurvy by eating sauerkraut

-Has the 1st accurate Map

Scripps

Scripps Institute Of Oceanography

WHOI

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute

MSI

Marine Science Institute Univ. of CA Santa Barbara

NOAA

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

MBARI

Monterrey Bay Aquarium Research Institute

Modern Submarine Technology

Uses from man controlled rovers to find geological materials or recognizance

Modern Satellite Technology

Used to measure oceans and use gps

Examples are Seastar, Geosat, ERS-2

What people first saild to and ‘discovered’ North America

The Vikings, named it Vinland

Who was the first European sailor to ‘discover’ North America?

John Cabot