Addictive Behaviors Final

HPW420

Immoral Behavior Model

view of addiction that represents a refusal of morals

Disease Model

view of addiction that says addiction is an underlying disease

Maladaptive Behavior Model

view of addiction that points to learned behavior from childhood traumatic events

Tolerance

needing larger amounts of a substance to get the same effect

Withdrawal

symptoms when use is reduced or stopped after prolonged use

Susceptibility

Genetic and biological factors that contribute to the probability of someone developing dependence

Exposure

Repeated substance use alters brain chemistry and function over time making substances feel essential for functioning

Comorbidity

Having two or more conditions at the same time, often a substance use disorder plus a mental health disorder

Integrated Treatment

reducing harm associated with substance use and attempts to gain trust

does not focus on abstinence or confrontation

Free Association

fundamental principle of psychoanalysis

ability of client to reveal most sensitive things that come to mind to uncover unconscious thoughts

ID

instinct driven part of personality including urges and immediate pleasure

does not consider rules or consequences

EGO

reality focused part that uses reasoning and problem solving

SUPEREGO

moral and value based that creates feelings or guilt based off behavior and internalized expectations

Addictive Search

internal urge for a group of activities that provide external relief for internal drives

Adventitious Entrance

introduction of alcohol or drugs into a persons life

Compensation

making up for the deprivation of abstinence by overindulging in another pleasure

Abuse as Affect Defense

abusive behaviors used as a defense mechanism from anxiety, depression, or guilt to cope with the intense emotional states

Delay Discounting

making decisions that prioritize immediate pleasure over larger rewards in the future

Classical Conditioning

involves unconditioned and conditioned stimulus and response to learn an association between two stimuli

Operant Conditioning

Learning behaviors using reinforcers

Positive Reinforcer

increases behavior bby giving you something you want

Negative Reinforcer

increases behavior by taking away something you don’t want like using a substance to avoid withdrawal

Discriminative Learning

ability to participate in an activity without a releapse

Modeling

theory that emphasizes learning through observing others behaviors and consequences

Reciprocal Determinism

the continuous interaction between a person, their behavior, and the environment that simultaneously influence each other

Abstinence Violation Effect

intense shame or guilt following a slip up that leads to a more full blown relapse

Self-Efficacy

ones belief in their ability to perform a task or achieve a goal

high self efficacy is associated with increased effort

Social Learning Theory (SLT)

explains behavior as an interaction between cognitive, behavior, and environment

Family Systems Principles

familial social network that supports an individual in emotional and physical ways

Family Systems Model

focuses on how family dynamics can support or maintain addiction.

focuses to change how family members relate to each other

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE)

traumatic event occurring before 18 that affect coping and development and can increase risk of mental health challenges and substance use issues

Family Disease Model

views addiction as a shared problem affecting the entire family and focuses on family wide healing

Family Systems Model

focuses on family interactions and examines patterns that may be enforcing addictive behaviors

Codependency

unhealthy relationship where one person’s substance use in supported by a loved one by making excuses, covering up, or taking on their responsibilities

Differentiation of the Self

separating emotions from thoughts to remain calm and make thoughtful decisions

Fusion

emotions and thoughts are blended together resulting in codependency

Rigid Boundaries

strict and make it hard for people to talk about their problems

Diffuse Boundaries

“enmeshed”

people are overly involved in each others lives

Clear Boundaries

balanced and allow independence while also promoting close relationships

Insider’s View

view from within the group and tries to make sense of the addictive behavior

“alcohol is ingrained in our cultural celebrations and rituals”

Outsider’s View

focuses on how external individuals try to manage the addictive behaviors of others

view of organizations and scientists

Cultural Competence

ability of a professional to optimally practice within a variety of different cultural contexts

Addiction Stigma

endorsing negative stereotypes of substance use

Sociocultural Perspective - 5 functions of substance use

social facilitation, release from social obligations, repudiation of social norms, marking boundaries, crossing boundaries

Social Facilitation

enhances social interactions and bonding

Release from Social Obigations

offers an escape from societal expectations

Repudiation of Social Norms

acts as a rejection of established rules and norms

Marking Boundaries

distinguishes one group from another

Crossing Boundaries

breaks down barriers between different groups

Motivation in Behavioral Science

motivation is not a thing but a complex interplay of internal and external forces driving behavior

Self-determination Theory (SDT)

personality, human experiences, and how people manage their energy

autonomous motivation

Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM)

focuses on intentional, self-initiated change rather than changes driven by society or external pressures

Precontemplation

person does not see their issue as a problem and is not considering change

Contemplation

recognizing the need for change and is weighing the pros and cons but is not committed to change

Preparation

intention to act soon and is making small steps to plan the change

Action

person is actively changing their behavior

Maintenance

working to sustain the change and prevent a return to the old behavior

must be 6 months since change

Termination

confidence that the change is permanent and no temptation to return to their previous behavior

Relapse

return to previous behavior exposing gaps and triggers

Recycling

re-entering the change process after relapse

PRIME Theory os Motivation

multidimensional approach that explains human motivation at different levls

Plans (PRIME)

intentions or mental representations of future plans

Responses (PRIME)

the actions we take, such as starting or stopping behaviors

Impulses (PRIME)

the urges, drives, and emotional states that push us towards or away from an action

Motives (PRIME)

desires and wants that influence our choices

Evaluations (PRIME)

beliefs about what is good or bad and shapes our choices

Motivational Interviewing

using responsive listening to draw out a persons own motivations for change

Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT)

used for opioids and alcohol dependence to reduce cravings and withdrawal

concurrent counseling and behavioral therapy

Mindfulness Based Approach

being fully aware and accepting present moment to develop self awareness and make healthier choices

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

combines behavioral strategies and cognitive strategies to help recognize and change negative thought patterns

Harm Reduction

aims to reduce the negative effects of risk behaviors by making safer choices, not promoting abstinence

ex: NARCAN or needle exchange

12 Step Facilitation (TSF)

12 step recovery program with role models

ex: AA or NA

Interdiction

cutting off access to what the person craves

Confrontation

works best when it is supportive and delivered by a trusted person

Contingency Management (CM)

earning rewards to find intrinsic motivation and end addiction

Behavioral Addiction

continued engagement in a behavior despite adverse consequences, diminishes self control, urge or craving to engage

similar to substance use disorders

Criteria for Behavioral Addiction

loss of control, priority given to behavior, negative impact on social life

Habitual Behavior

behavior done regularly or in routine

not the same as addiction

Gambling Disorder

only behavioral disorder recognized in the DSM-5

Coping Mechanisms/Behaviors in Addiction

adaptive, maladaptive, problematic, pervasive

Adaptive

contributing to positive change or improvment

Maladaptive

hindering effectiveness or optimal functioning

Problematic

increasing challenges or introducing complications

Pervasive

extending widely across multiple areas or domains

Griffiths (1996) 6 Key Features of Behavioral Addiction

salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, conflict, relapse

Public Health

the science and art of promoting health, preventing disease, and prolonging life through organized efforts of society

Public Health Preventions

reducing occurrence, progression, or impact of health conditions by addressing risk and protective factors

Social Determinants of Health

broad conditions in which people are born, live, work, and include factors such as income, housing, and education

Health Disparities

variations in health outcomes linked to social, economic, and environmental disadvantages that disproportionately affect certain groups

poverty, limited access to healthcare, safe housing

Tertiary Prevention

minimize impact of established disease or injury, prevent complications, improve quality of life