Eyes

cataracts

• abnormal

• blurry vision

• cloudy lens w/ growth of lens fibers from UV exposure, smoking, DM, obesity

macula

• sharpest (maximum) vision

glaucoma

• abnormal

• vision loss

• peripheral → central loss

• high in black people and women

macular degeneration

• age related

• unknown cause of central vision

• yellow deposits

• higher in women

• cant do fine motor work

• cant distinguish faces

nystagmus

• abnormal

• occur w/ disease semicircular canals, sclerosis, brain lesion

• involuntary movement around iris

seborrhea

• scaly brows

hyperthyroidism

• lid lag

ptosis

• abnormal

• upper lid drooping

• neuro weakness

• CN3 damage

• Horner Syndrome

exophthalmos

• protruding eyes

arcus senilis

• usual finding

• cornea cloudy w/o effect on vision

anisocoria

• abnormal

• pupils two different sizes

• CNS disease

monocular blindness

• abnormal

• no rxn to light

miosis

• constricted pupils (meds w/ glaucoma)

mydriasis

• enlarged pupils w/ SNS and recent trauma

macula

• abnormal

• clumped pigment w/ trauma

• hemorrhage w/ macular degeneration

ectropion

• abnormal

• lower lids rolls outward causing excessive tearing and risk for inflammation

entropion

• abnormal

• lower lid rolls inward and lashes irritate cornea

• S+S: tearing, foreign body sensation, red eye

pingueculae

• normal

• show on sclera

• yellow nodule @ 3 and 9 o clock

• prolong exposure to sun, wind, dust

xanthelasma

• soft raised yellow plaque on lids

• higher in women

hordeolum (stye)

• abnormal

• infxn of hair follicles

• red and swollen

chalazion

• abnormal

• beady protuding on lid

• nontender and firm

basal cell carcinoma

• abnormal

• lower lid w/ ulcerated center and pearly edges