Britain in the 20th Century (4)

What was the impact of the First World War on the British Empire?

Strained resources and increased demands for independence in colonies

What was the impact of the Second World War on the British Empire?

Weakened Britain economically and militarily, accelerating decolonisation

What was the Suez Crisis?

British attempt to regain control of the Suez Canal after nationalisation by Egypt

When did the Suez Crisis occur?

1956

Why was the Suez Crisis significant?

Exposed Britain’s declining global power and accelerated decolonisation

Who was Mahatma Gandhi?

Leader of Indian independence movement through non-violent protest

When did India gain independence?

1947

Why was Gandhi significant?

Inspired independence in India and other colonies through civil disobedience

Who was Kwame Nkrumah?

Leader of Ghanaian independence movement

When did Ghana gain independence?

1957

Why was Nkrumah significant?

First African colony to gain independence in sub-Saharan Africa

Who was Jomo Kenyatta?

Leader of Kenyan independence movement

When did Kenya gain independence?

1963

Why was Kenyatta significant?

Led Kenya to independence and became its first Prime Minister

What was the Windrush migration?

Caribbean migrants arriving in Britain post-WWII to fill labour shortages

When did the Windrush arrive?

1948

Why was the Windrush significant?

Changed Britain’s cultural diversity and workforce

Who was Claudia Jones?

Caribbean-born activist in the UK

When was Claudia Jones active?

1940s–1964

Why was Claudia Jones significant?

Promoted racial equality and founded the Notting Hill Carnival

What was migration from Asia and Africa?

Movement of people to Britain after Empire’s end for work and refuge

When did migration from Asia and Africa increase?

1950s–1970s

Why was migration from Asia and Africa significant?

Cultural diversity and contributed to the UK economy

Who was Idi Amin?

Ugandan dictator who expelled Asians from Uganda

When did Amin expel Asians?

1972

Why was Amin significant?

Led to sudden migration of Ugandan Asians to Britain

What was the Commonwealth?

Organisation of former British colonies cooperating politically and economically

When was the Commonwealth established?

1931 (Statute of Westminster)

Why was the Commonwealth significant?

Maintained ties between Britain and former colonies

What was the Falklands War?

Conflict between Britain and Argentina over the Falkland Islands

When did the Falklands War occur?

1982

Why was the Falklands War significant?

Demonstrated Britain’s continued global influence

How did the Second World War affect Britain’s relationship with Europe?

Led to closer economic and political cooperation for reconstruction

What was European and non-European migration to Britain?

Movement of people for work, asylum, and family reunification post-WWII

How did membership of the European Union impact Britain?

Economic and social integration, movement of people and trade

What was the impact of the end of the Cold War?

Reduced political tensions, influenced migration and European relations