Locomotion and Movement

vertebral column

The ________ protects the spinal cord, supports the head and serves as the point of attachment for the ribs and musculature of the back.

Thoracic vertebrae

________, ribs and sternum together form the rib cage.

clavicle

Each ________ is a long slender bone with two curvatures.

Cilia

________ and flagella are the outgrowths of the cell membrane.

Flagellar movement

________ helps in the swimming of spermatozoa, maintenance of water current in the canal system of sponges, and in the locomotion of Protozoans like Euglena.

Joints

________ are essential for all types of movements involving the bony parts of the body.

regular distance

The head and short arm projects outwards at a(n) ________ and angle from each other from the surface of a polymerised myosin filament and is known as a cross arm.

facial region

The ________ is made up of 14 skeletal elements which form the front part of the skull.

Myofibril

________ has a striated appearance which is due to the distribution pattern of two important proteins- Actin and Myosin.

articulation surfaces

It has two ________ on its dorsal end and is hence called bicephalic.

Sternum

________ is a flat bone on the ventral midline of thorax.

Muscle

________ is a specialized tissue of mesodermal origin.

vertebra

Each ________ has a central hollow portion (neural canal) through which the spinal cord passes.

passage of ova

The ________ through the female reproductive tract is also facilitated by ciliary movement.

Cytoskeletal elements

________ like microfilaments are also involved in the amoeboid movement.

Bone

________ and cartilage are specialised connective tissues.

synovial cavity

They are characterised by the presence of a fluid filled ________ between the articulating surfaces of the two bones.

Pectoral

________ and Pelvic girdle bones help in the articulation of the upper and the lower limbs respectively with the axial skeleton.

Meromyosins

Many monomeric proteins called ________ constitute one thick filament.

pelvic girdle

The ________ consists of two coxal bones.

Locomotion

________ requires a perfectly coordinated activity of muscular, skeletal, and neural systems.

skull

The ________, vertebral column, sternum and ribs constitute the axial skeleton.

contractile property of muscles

The ________ is effectively used for locomotion and other movements by human beings and the majority of multicellular organisms.

ATP

The ________ is again hydrolysed by the myosin head and the cycle of cross- bridge formation and breakage is repeated causing further sliding.

limbs

The bones of the ________ along with their girdles constitute the appendicular skeleton.

rib

Each ________ is a thin flat bone connected dorsally to the vertebral column and ventrally to the sternum.

tiny bones

Each middle ear contains three ________- Malleus, Incus and Stapes, collectively called Ear Ossicles.

globular head

The ________ is an active ATPase enzyme and has binding sites for ATP and active sites for actin.

endoplasmic reticulum

The ________, i.e., the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the muscle fibres is the storehouse of calcium ions.

Myoglobin content

________ is high in some of the muscles which give a reddish appearance.

Auto immune disorder

________ affecting neuromuscular junction leading to fatigue, weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscle.

skeletal system

The ________ consists of a framework of bones and a few cartilages.

muscle fibre

A(n) ________ is a syncitium as the sarcoplasm contains many nuclei.

number of cervical vertebrae

The ________ is seven in almost all mammals including human beings.

Visceral muscles

________ are located in the inner walls of hollow visceral organs of the body like the alimentary canal, reproductive tract, etc.

successive ‘ Z lines

The portion of the myofibril between two ________ is considered the functional unit of contraction and is called a sarcomere.

thick filaments

Actin filaments are thinner as compared to myosin filaments, hence are commonly called thin and ________ respectively.