Federalist 51 - AP GOPO (Required Foundational Document)

What is the main purpose of Federalist No. 51?

To explain how the U.S. Constitution's system of checks and balances and separation of powers protects liberty by preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful.

What are the three branches of government outlined in Federalist No. 51?

Legislative, executive, and judicial.

What is meant by 'Separation of Powers'?

Each branch of government must be independent and have distinct powers.

How do checks and balances function in the U.S. government?

Each branch has the ability to limit the powers of the others, such as Congress making laws, the President vetoing them, and courts declaring them unconstitutional.

What does Madison mean by 'Ambition Must Counteract Ambition'?

He argues that since people are naturally ambitious, a system where the ambitions of one branch keep the others in check is necessary to prevent tyranny.

Why is legislative dominance a concern in Federalist No. 51?

Because the legislature is closest to the people and most powerful, it is divided into two houses (House and Senate) to prevent it from overwhelming the other branches.

What role does federalism play in protecting against tyranny?

It divides power between national and state governments, creating another layer of protection.

What is Madison's central claim in Federalist No. 51?

A well-structured government must control both the governed and itself to preserve liberty and prevent the concentration of authority.