Chapter 8: The Market Revolution

Gender Roles

Wage workers- a population disproportionately composed of immigrants and poorer Americans- faced low wages, long hours, and dangerous working conditions → class conflictChanges in ________.

Labor

________- saving technology improved efficiency and enabled the separation of the public and domestic spheres.

Market Revolution

The ________ fulfilled the revolutionary generations expectations of progress but introduced troubling new trends.

Slave labor

________ helped fuel the market revolution.

The Market Revolution?

____________ was a drastic change in the US economy

The Transportation Revolution

__________________________ opened up the lands west of the Appalachian Mountains via railway systems

The Communications Revolution

_______________________________ redefined the limits of human communication via the telegraph

Textile mills depended on southern cotton and free (slave) labor

How did slave labor fuel the Market Revolution?

Gradual emancipation

________________________ is the practice of abolishing slavery over a period of time, usually by freeing the children of slaves at a certain age

It allowed southern planters to dramatically expand cotton production for the national and international markets, which required more slaves

How did the invention of the cotton gin fuel slavery?

The piecework system

__________________________ was a labor system that divided much of production into discrete steps performed by different workers

It was justified by the idea that any person could have the success and prestige of the wealthy through hard work (the American dream)

How was the gap between the wealthy and poor justified?

Coverture

______________ was a custom that counted married couples as a single unit represented by the husband, and thus rendered women legally dead once they get married

The public sphere and domestic sphere

What were the two societal spheres?

Women could not earn their own money, own their own property, sue, or be sued

What could women not do under coverture?

They tried to prevent Catholics from establishing churches and other religious institutions

How did Anglo-Protestant Americans try to limit Catholic influence?

Immigrants were looking for new lives and opportunities

Why was immigration so high in the 19th century?

The Mason-Dixon Line

________________ was an invisible line that "separates" the North from the South

Short-staple cotton

______________ drove the expansion of slavery