Vocabulary from national exam 2025

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Contemporary(adj)

→Existing or happening now, particularly in relation to the present/ modern time.

ex: Contemporary music/literature/art.

Curb(V)

→To restrain or limit something, often referring to controlling behaviors or reducing excess.

ex: The government should curb tax evasion.

Irrigation (N)

→The practice of supplying land with water so that crops and plants will grow.

ex: Irrigation practices are being modernized by having machines automatically supply land with water instead of doing it manually.

Agriculture vs Industrial

→ Nông nghiệp và công nghiệp

Yield (v,n)

→ The amount of crop produced on a given area of land, often measured in weight or volume. The noun form is the product itself.

ex: The land yield grapes and tobacco.

→Give way to argument, demands, pressure.

ex: The allies yielded when they should’ve resisted.

Allocate (V)

→To give something to someone as a share of a total amount.

ex: The authorities allocated resources to various community projects.

*)Synonyms: allot, apportion, give away.

Greenwashing (N)

-Green: environment, nature,…

-Washing: derived from “Brainwashing”

→The strategic use of comforting environmental claims to disguise business-as-usual pollution.

ex: The campaign was little more than greenwashing to improve the company’s image.

CEO (N)

Chief executive officer

Upsurge (N)

→A sudden and usually a large increase in something.

ex: Since I recommended anime to her, her shelf has experience an upsurge in anime figurines.

Outlay (N,V)

→An amount of money spent on something/expend (an amount of money) on something.

ex: Greenwashing for companies involve huge capital outlays.

Emission (N)

→An amount of gas, heat, light that is sent out.

ex: He uses a night observation device that picks up heat emission.

Net-zero (N)

→The point at which a country, industry, company,… removes as many emissions (greenhouse gasses) as it produces.

ex: The government pledge to arrive at net-zero by 2050.

Trumpet (V)

→Proclaim widely or loudly.

ex: The next day, the press trumpeted the birth of a new start.

Denial invites opposition (phrase)

→Refusing to acknowledge a problem or situation, or to accept responsibility for it, often leading to increased resistance of conflict.

ex: Whereas denial invites opposition, greenwashing lulls the public into believing problems are already solved.

Cliché (adj)

→A phrase, remark, or opinion that has very often been said or expressed and is therefore not original and uninteresting.

ex: He’s a hypocrite for sure, His cliché quotes make me want to lock horns with the guy.

Indefinitely (adv)

→ for a period of time with no fixed ends.

ex: The negotiations have been put off/ postponed/ cancelled indefinitely.

Insidious (adj)

→(Of something not pleasant or dangerous) gradually and secretly cause harm.

ex: High blood pressure is an insidious condition which has few symptoms.

Pervade (V)

→To pervade means to be present throughout, to exist in every part of.

ex: If you have too many cats, the horrible smell of cat pee will pervade your house.

*)Synonyms: diffuse, penetrate, permeate.

Relish (V)

→ To like or enjoy something.

ex: I relish eating the relish on my hotdog.

Averse (adj)

→Strongly disliking or oppose to.

ex: Some tourist are risk averse and will studiously avoid them whenever possible.

Biased (adj)

→favoring one person or side over another. (><unbiased)

ex: Regarding the vote, I won’t participate since I’m afraid of giving biased opinions.

*) on-sided, slanted (slopping in one direction)