AP EXAM UNIT 1

the chemistry of life

what are the 4 biomolecules?

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, & Nucleic Acids

elements and ratio for carbohydrates

CHO 1:2:1

elements and ratio for lipids

a lot of CH a little O

elements for proteins

CHON

elements for nucleic acids

CHONP

DNA: ATCG

RNA: UAGC

20 different kinds determine the chemical nature of the amino acids

R group

carbohydrates are…

hydrophilic and polar

lipids are…

hydrophobic and nonpolar

proteins can be…

polar or nonpolar

carbs and be used for

short term storage and are structural

monomer for carbs

monosaccharides

lipids are made of…

fatty acids and glycerol

monomer for proteins

amino acids

monomer for nucleic acids

nucleotides

nitrogen for nucleic acids is found in

the nitrogenous bases

phosphate for nucleic acids are found in

phosphate groups

what is the primary level determined by

DNA sequence

what connects the amino acids in a polypeptide

peptide bonds

a chain of amino acids

polypeptides

how are peptide bonds formed

dehydration synthesis

DNA → mRNA

transcription