Ib Bio Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration

Biochemical process producing ATP from nutrients.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate, energy currency of cells.

Metabolism

Series of steps converting organic compounds to ATP.

Organic Compounds

Nutrients providing energy via carbon bonds.

Carbohydrates

Sugars and starches serving as energy sources.

Lipids

Fatty acids utilized for energy production.

Proteins

Building blocks that can produce energy.

ATP Formation

Synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate.

Cellular Respiration vs. Breathing

Respiration releases energy; breathing exchanges gases.

Mitochondria

Cell organelles where cellular respiration occurs.

Energy Transfer

Conversion of energy into ATP minimizes heat loss.

Universal Energy Currency

ATP powers various biological reactions.

Hydrolysis Process

Conversion of ATP back to ADP releasing energy.

Phosphorylation

ATP creates reactive phosphorylated intermediates.

Muscle Contraction

Actin and myosin interaction powered by ATP.

Uses of ATP

Facilitates energy conversion for cellular activities.

Aerobic Respiration

Requires oxygen, produces high ATP from glucose.

Anaerobic Respiration

Occurs without oxygen, produces lactic acid.

ATP Yield

Aerobic: 36-38 ATP; Anaerobic: less ATP.

Photosynthesis

Conversion of light energy to chemical energy.

Chlorophyll

Pigments absorbing light for photosynthesis.

Limiting Factors

Conditions affecting photosynthesis rate.

Respirometers

Devices measuring O2 use and CO2 production.

Optimal Conditions

Single factor limits photosynthesis at a time.

Energy During Exercise

Anaerobic respiration produces ATP quickly but briefly.