Midterm 2

pka value for

30

pka value for

25

pka value for

25

pka value for

19.2

pka value for

17

pka value for 1,3 Diester

13.3

pka value for 1,3 Dinitrile

11

pka value for Beta Keto Ester

10.7

pka value for Diketone

9

formation of an enol

enolate with ketone

Enolate Formation (basic, NaOH or LDA)

1. alpha proton gets deprotonated

2. base with a lone pair takes the proton + the electron forms double bond on the alpha carbon

3. carboxyl deprotonates and forms alkoxide

4. enolate is formed + HB^+

enolate with alkyl halide

enolate with aldehydes

Acetoacetic Acid Synthesis

Malonic Ester Synthesis

Aldol Reaction w/ heat

Claisen Reaction

Michael Reaction

Robinson Annulation

Halogenation in Acid

Halogenation in Base

Halogenation

crossed aldol

isoelectric point

aldol reaction without heat (NaOH, NaOMe, NaOEt, KOH)

On main carbon:

1. Alpha carbon deprotonated, double bond forms

2. C=O, broken, alkoxide formed

3. alpha carbon w/ dbl bond attacks carbonyl of another carbon

4. Alkoxide —> C=O again

On other carbon:

1. C—C double bond created

2. C=O bond —> C—O^-

3. O gets protonated

Amino Acid

glycine

Amino Acid

alanine

Amino Acid

Valine

amino acid

phenylalanine

Amino Acid

serine

Amino Acid

tryptophan

Amino Acid

cysteine

Amino Acid

methionine

Amino Acid

proline

Amino Acid

tyrosine