US History Unit 2

Eugenics

The process of selective breeding and sterilization to improve society.

Agriculture

Shrank between 1870 and 1910 with the percentage of people working in it.

Sweatshops

Common in the garment industry.

Child Labor

Legislative acts that regulated the horrors were not effectively enforced by authorities.

Social Darwinism

System of competition and survival of the fittest

Margret Sanger

Provide birth control and abortions for the disadvantaged during the age of industrialism

John D. Rockefeller

Bought out his rivals, bribed the state legislature and engaged in industrial espionage.

Andrew Carnegie

Philanthropists gave away $350 million of his wealth and built Libraries

JP Morgan

Scorned competition and made fortune off banking

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Caused New York Central Rail Road to go bankrupt through his shrewd practices

Assembly Line

Construct items quicker, while also making better quality products.

Steerage

Where immigrants typically rode as it was the cheapest form of passage

"pull factors" for immigration

Available land, business opportunities, and family descriptions

Giant Corporations

Provided jobs, but also controlled the working conditions.

Chain migration

Aided entire towns of immigrants in coming to America

Churches and synagogues

Became the place for immigrants to transmit their Old World values and language to their American-born children

Immigration Restriction League

Requiring literacy tests to protect wages for American workingmen

American Protective Association

Focused on limiting the civil rights of Catholic Americans.

1870 Naturalization Act

Created because Chinese were willing to accept lower wages

Pogroms

Attacks against Jews in Russia

Gilded Age

Mass fortunes gained by few entrepreneurs.

Henry Ford

Famous for the automobile

Nikola Tesla

Famous for harnessing AC electricity

Thomas Edison

Famous for the light bulb

Mexican immigrants

Came to America to work on ranches and cotton farms

Chinese Immigrants

Came to America to work on railroad and in gold mines

Japanese Immigrants

Came to America due to land shortages

Bessemer Process

Improved the process and strength of steel

Vertical integration

Owning all of the supplies in order to cut the costs of manufacturing

Horizontal consolidation

Buying out the competitors in order to have a monopoly

Ellis Island

Was set up like a bureaucratic institution to protect the health of immigrants and Americans

Fueled nativist resentment of immigrants

Immigrant willingness to accept lower wages

Pope's power

The reason many Americans feared Roman Catholic immigrants