Chapter 11: DNA to Proteins - Translation

These flashcards cover key concepts from Chapter 11 on Translation, including processes, definitions, and components involved in molecular biology.

The process where a DNA sequence copied into an RNA sequence is translated into an __ sequence.

amino acid

The genetic code is described as __ because multiple codons can specify the same amino acid.

degenerate

The start codon is always __, which specifies methionine.

AUG

In a codon, three __ are required to code for one amino acid.

nucleotides

The ribosome forms __ bonds between amino acids during translation.

peptide

The __ hypothesis explains how a tRNA can pair with multiple codons.

wobble

Eukaryotic initiation requires the recognition of the __ at the 5′ terminus of mRNA.

7-methylguanosine cap

During elongation, the initiator tRNA occupies the __ site in the ribosome.

P

The three termination codons are __, __, and __.

UAA, UAG, UGA

After termination, the mRNA contains a __ region that is untranslated.

3' UTR

In eukaryotes, the small ribosomal subunit bindings to the __ to initiate translation.

5' cap

Antibiotics work by binding to bacterial ribosomes and inhibiting specific steps in __.

translation

A ribosome has __ sites that can be occupied by tRNAs during translation.

three

The sequence that assists the ribosome in binding to mRNA in prokaryotes is called the __ sequence.

Shine-Dalgarno

The __ factors in bacteria facilitate the initiation of translation.

initiation

After binding to the A site, GTP is cleaved to GDP during __.

elongation