PSYC 110 Practice Test - Neuroanatomy & Basic Structures

These flashcards cover key concepts from the PSYC 110 Practice Test focusing on neuroanatomy and membrane potentials.

What theory claims that neurons are interconnected as a continuous network?

Reticular Theory.

Approximately how many neurons are in the human brain?

About 86 billion.

What part of the neuron generates action potentials?

Axon Hillock.

Who produces myelin in the CNS?

Oligodendrocytes.

What does the somatic nervous system control?

Voluntary muscle movements.

What is gray matter primarily composed of?

Neuron cell bodies.

Which meningeal layer is closest to the brain?

Pia Mater.

Where is cerebrospinal fluid produced?

Choroid Plexus.

How do sensory neurons enter the spinal cord?

Via the Dorsal Root.

In which lobe is the primary auditory cortex located?

Temporal lobe.

What does the motor homunculus disproportionately represent?

Hands and Face.

What does the corpus callosum connect?

Left and Right Cerebral Hemispheres.

Which structure is part of the basal ganglia?

Caudate Nucleus.

What does a horizontal brain section divide the brain into?

Top and Bottom.

How is the fourth ventricle connected to the third ventricle?

Via the Cerebral Aqueduct.

At resting potential, the neuronal membrane is most permeable to which ion?

Potassium (K⁺).

What does the sodium-potassium pump move?

3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in.

What causes depolarization during an action potential?

Na⁺ Influx.

What occurs during hyperpolarization?

K⁺ Channels Remain Open.

In which structure does saltatory conduction occur?

Myelinated Axons.

Where are neurotransmitters stored?

In Synaptic Vesicles.

What does reuptake refer to?

Recycling neurotransmitters into the presynaptic neuron.

What do electrical synapses use?

Connexons.

What is the threshold for an action potential?

Approximately -55 mV.

Which ion channel opens in response to membrane depolarization?

Voltage-Gated Na⁺ Channel.

What is the primary role of the myelin sheath in saltatory conduction?

To insulate the axon and restrict ion flow to nodes of Ranvier.

Why is saltatory conduction more energy-efficient?

It reduces the need for ion redistribution across the entire axon membrane.

What are nodes of Ranvier critical for?

They contain clusters of voltage-gated sodium channels.

What triggers the opening of voltage-gated Na⁺ channels during an action potential?

Threshold depolarization.

What drives the rapid depolarization during the rising phase of an action potential?

Na⁺ influx.

What primarily causes hyperpolarization?

Delayed closure of K⁺ channels.

Where is saltatory conduction most efficient?

Myelinated axons with nodes of Ranvier.

Who produces myelin in the central nervous system?

Oligodendrocytes.

What does the postsynaptic cell in a chemical synapse include?

A neuron, muscle cell, or gland.

What allows bidirectional signaling in electrical synapses?

Connexons forming gap junctions.

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for voluntary movement?

Frontal lobe.

Where is the primary visual processing center located?

Occipital lobe.

Which lobe is involved in processing auditory information?

Temporal lobe.

Where is the somatosensory cortex located?

Parietal lobe.

What integrates sensory information from different body parts?

Parietal lobe.

Which lobe is associated with forming new memories?

Temporal lobe.

Damage to which lobe affects personality and social behavior?

Frontal lobe.

Reading and mathematical abilities are linked to which lobe?

Parietal lobe.

What helps interpret visual stimuli?

Temporal lobe.

Which lobe is responsible for mapping visual input?

Parietal lobe.