Mendelian Genetics and Intro to Statistics

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from Mendelian Genetics and Intro to Statistics.

Genetics

The study of how traits are inherited.

Trait

A variation in the physical appearance of a heritable characteristic.

Gregor Mendel

The father of modern genetics; first to study genetics scientifically.

Pisum sativum

The model organism used by Mendel in his genetic studies.

Gene

A segment of DNA that determines a trait.

Alleles

Variations of a gene controlling the same trait, which may be dominant or recessive.

Dominant Allele

An allele that prevents the other gene from being expressed, indicated by uppercase letters.

Recessive Allele

An allele that is not expressed unless two copies are present, indicated by lowercase letters.

Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a given gene.

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a given gene.

Punnett Square

A tool used to predict the genotypes of offspring from parental genotypes.

Chi Square (X2)

A statistical test used to determine if the observed results are due to chance.

Null Hypothesis

The hypothesis that there is no significant difference between observed and expected results.

Degrees of Freedom (DoF)

One less than the number of phenotypes observed.

ABO Blood Group System

A system for classifying human blood based on the presence of antigens on red blood cells.

Agglutination

The clumping of cells caused by the presence of an antibody.