Chapter 4: Tissues

Flashcards based on the lecture notes about tissues.

Tissue

A group of cells working together.

Four Main Tissue Types

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous.

Epithelial Tissue

Forms sheets that cover or line the body.

Connective Tissue

Provides structural and functional support.

Muscle Tissue

Allows for movement.

Nervous Tissue

Detects sensation, conducts information, and processes information.

Matrix (ECM)

Extracellular Matrix - fluid found between cells.

Three Types of ECM

Collagen, Elastin, and Polysaccharides.

Collagen

Protein that provides flexible strength to tissue.

Elastin

Rubbery protein that provides elastic stretch and recoil.

Polysaccharides

Helps link cells, absorbs shock, lubricates and regulates.

Shapes of Epithelial Cells

Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar, and Transitional.

Squamous Epithelium

Description: Flat and scale-like; Function: Transportation

Cuboidal Epithelium

Description: Cube-shaped; Function: Secretion

Columnar Epithelium

Description: Column-shaped, taller than wide; Function: Absorption

Transitional Epithelium

Description: Varying shapes that can stretch; Function: Distention

Simple Arrangement

Single layer of cells.

Stratified Arrangement

More than one layer of cells.

Glandular Epithelium

Secretes substances through ducts or directly into the blood or onto a surface.

Exocrine Gland

Releases secretions through a duct.

Endocrine Gland

Releases secretions directly into the bloodstream.

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Lines stomach and intestines, contains mucus-producing goblet cells, specializes in absorption.

Pseudostratified Epithelium

Each cell touches the basement membrane and is found in the trachea with cilia.

Stratified Transitional Epithelium

Found in the urinary bladder and can stretch, transitioning from cuboidal to squamous.

Connective Tissue

Most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body.

Types of Connective Tissue

Fibrous, Bone, Cartilage, and Blood.

Types of Fibrous Connective Tissue

Areolar, Adipose, and Dense Fibrous.

Areolar Tissue

Glue that holds organs together.

Adipose Tissue

Fat tissue that stores lipids and secretes hormones.

Dense Fibrous Tissue

Bundles of strong collagen that form tendons.

Bone Tissue

Calcified matrix that supports and protects, stores calcium.

Two Types of Bone

Compact and Cancellous (Spongy)

Cartilage

Firm plastic consistency, not as hard as bone.

Chondrocyte

Cell for Cartilage

Types of Cartilage

Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, and Elastic.

Blood Tissue

Fluid matrix that transports and protects the body.

Compact Bone

Solid form of bone comprising the outer walls.

Compact Bone

Made up of osteons or Haversian systems.

Osteocytes

Bone cells.

Cancellous (Spongy) Bone

Resembles a sponge, containing blood-forming or adipose tissue.

Hematopoietic Tissue

Blood forming tissue.

Hyaline Cartilage

Translucent, supports the respiratory system.

Fibrocartilage

Strong and durable, acts as shock absorbers.

Elastic Cartilage

Flexible, found in the external ear.

Types of Blood Cells

Red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets.

Muscle Tissue

Specializes in movement, creating stability and body heat.

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Attaches to bones, striated and voluntary.

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Striated, involuntary, found in the heart with intercalated discs.

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Non-striated, involuntary, found in hollow organs.

Nervous Tissue Function

Rapid communication between structures, control of bodily functions.

Nervous Tissue

Neurons and Glia

Neurons

Functional conducting unit of the nervous system.

Axon

Transmit impulse away from the cell body.

Dendrites

Carry impulse towards the cell body.

Regeneration of Tissue

Removal of dead cells and building of new tissue.

Tissues that regenerate easily

Epithelial and Connective Tissue.

Tissues with limited regeneration ability

Muscle and Nervous Tissue.