Exam 3

Causes of the Great Depression

stock market speculation and bank failures

FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)

an agency developed by the federal government to regulate banking and and investment activities

New Deal Programs

FDR's plan to fix the Great Depression - ex: CCC, Social Security

Effects of the New Deal

Because of the New Deal, the government is more responsible for the welfare of American citizens (ex: Social Security Act).

Reasons for US entry in WW2

Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941

WW2 Propaganda Posters

encourage participation in the war effort. For example, women to work in defense industries, victory gardens, war bonds.

Expansion of Presidential Power

grew enormously during the presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. (New Deal Programs)

FDR's Court Packing Plan

Ambitious attempt by FDR to stop Supreme Court invalidating New Deal. Rejected by Congress as violation of separation of powers.

Social Security Act

created a tax on workers and employers. That money provided monthly pensions for retired people.

Security and Exchange Commission (SEC)

New Deal agency established to provide a public watchdog against deception and fraud in stock trading

Effects of the Great Depression

1) Closing of many banks 2) Many Americans were left unemployed. 3) caused economic crisis for other countries which contributed to the consolidation of power in dictatorial states.

Isolationism and the Neutrality Acts of 1935

The U.S. policy regarding foreign affairs and wars after WW1

Wartime Production

Businesses retooled their services i.e. car manufacturing to tank manufacturing. Major reason for the end of the Great Depression.

Effects of atomic/nuclear weapons

changed the nature of war forever and contributed to the start of the Cold War.

Executive Order 9066

FDR's order to place all Japanese Americans in Internment Camps

Japanese Internment

--This term described when FDR ordered all Japanese Americans to be put in relocation (internment) camps
--Korematsu vs. U.S. ruled that it was constitutionally permissible
--It did not apply to Hawaii because it would have damaged the economy.

Rationing

Restricting the amount of food and other goods people may buy during wartime to assure adequate supplies for the military

Causes of World War 2

--Great Depression
--Rise of Dictatorships
--Failure of International Relations
--Appeasement
--German Invasion of Poland

Joseph Stalin

Communist dictator of the Soviet Union

Benito Mussolini

(1883-1945) Italian leader. He founded the Italian Fascist Party, and sided with Hitler and Germany in World War II. In 1945 he was overthrown and assassinated by the Italian Resistance.

Adolf Hitler

Austrian-born Dictator of Germany, implement Fascism and caused WWII and the Holocaust.

FDR

Roosevelt, the President of the United States during the Depression and WWII. He instituted the New Deal. Served from 1933 to 1945, he was the only president in U.S. history to be elected to four terms

Winston Churchill

Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWII

George S. Patton

Allied Commander of the Third Army. Was instrumental in winning the Battle of the Bulge. Considered one of the best military commanders in American history.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

leader of the Allied forces in Europe during WW2
--leader of troops in the D-day invasion

Vernon Baker

This First Lieutenant was awarded the Medal of Honor by Bill Clinton for his efforts in WW2. He was in the all-black 92nd Infantry.

Navajo Code Talkers

Native Americans from the Navajo tribe used their own language to make a code for the U.S. military that the Japanese could not decipher

Battle of Midway

U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II.

Atomic Bomb

bomb dropped by an American bomber on Hiroshima and Nagasaki destroying both cities, resulted in the surrender of Japan and end of WW2

Korematsu v. United States (1944)

Upheld the constitutionality of the relocation of Japanese Americans as a wartime necessity. Viewed by contemporary scholars as a flagrant violation of civil liberties.