A&P - Chapter 1 McGrawHill

Anatomy

Studies the form and structure of the body

Physiology

examines how the body functions

What is the scientific method

Systematic process where scientists

- examine natural events through observation

- develop a hypothesis for explaining a phenomenon

- experiment and test hypothesis by collecting data

- determine if the data supports the hypothesis or if the hypothesis should be rejected or modified

What are the four core steps to the Scientific Method

Observation

Hypothesis

Experiment

Conclusion

Microscopic Anatomy

- Examines structures that cannot be observed by unaided eye

- Specimens are examined under a microscope

What are the two divisions of Microscopic Anatomy?

Cytology and Histology

What is Cytology?

it's the study of body cells and their internal structure

What is Histology?

Study of tissues

What is Gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy)

- investigates structures visible to the unaided eye

- normally specimens are dissected for examination

Divisions of Gross anatomy

-Systematic anatomy

-Regional anatomy

- Surface anatomy

- Comparative anatomy

- embryology

Definitions of Gross anatomy divisions

• Systemic anatomy: studies the anatomy of each body system

• Regional anatomy: examines the structures in a body region

• Surface anatomy: focuses on superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures

• Comparative anatomy: examines anatomical similarities and differences in different species

• Embryology studies: developmental changes from conception to birth

Divisons focusing on diagnosis or research

Pathologic Anatomy

Radiographic anatomy

Pathologic anatomy

examines macroscopic and microscopic anatomic changes resulting from disease

Radiographic anatomy

investigates internal structures visualized by scanning procedures

True of False: physiologists examine the function of body structures, focusing on molecular and cellular level?

True

Physiology Subdisciplines

- Cardiovascular physiology

- Neurophysiology

- Respiratory physiology

- Reproductive physiology

- Pathophysiology

Cardiovascular physiology

Examines the function of the heart, blood vessels, and blood

Neurophysiology

Studies functioning of nerves and nervous system organs

Respiratory Physiology

Explores functioning of respiratory organs

Reproductive Physiology

Investigates functioning of reproductive hormones and the reproductive cycle

Pathophysiology

Focuses on the function of a body system during disease or injury to the system

What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

form and function are interrelated

Which field of physiology examines how the heart, bloodvessels, and blood function?

Cardiovascular physiology

properties common to all organisms

Organization

Metabolism

Growth and Development

Responsiveness

Regulation

Reproduction

Anabolism

Small molecules joined to form larger ones

Catabolism

large molecules broken down into smaller ones

Levels of organization from simplest to most complex

Chemical Level - atoms. molecules, macromolecules

Cellular Level- cells, basic units of life

Tissue level- tissues, similar cells performing common function

Organ level- multiple tissues working together

Organ system Level- related organs work together

Organismal level- organ systems function together

Integumentary System

provides protection, prevents water lose and gain, regulates body temp

Skeletal System

Provides support and protection. Site of hematopoiesis (blood cell production), stores calcium, provides sites for ligament and muscle attachement