Neuronal Plasticity

These flashcards cover key concepts related to neuronal plasticity, including mechanisms of synaptic strengthening and weakening, the roles of various receptors, and the implications of these processes for learning and memory.

What is long-term potentiation (LTP)?

LTP is the process by which synapses are strengthened in response to high-frequency stimulation, leading to an increase in EPSP amplitude that can persist for hours or more.

What is Hebb's rule?

Hebb's rule states that synapses should be strengthened when presynaptic activity is accompanied by postsynaptic depolarization.

How does glutamate affect NMDA receptors?

Glutamate can only activate NMDA receptors when the postsynaptic membrane is depolarized enough to remove the magnesium block.

What is the role of calcium in LTP?

An influx of calcium through NMDA receptors triggers intracellular signaling cascades that lead to synaptic strengthening.

What experiment did Bliss and Lømo perform?

They recorded synaptic responses in a rabbit's hippocampus while applying tetanic stimulation, finding persistent synaptic potentiation.

What is the significance of local protein synthesis in dendrites?

Local protein synthesis allows for the modulation of synaptic strength specifically at the site of activity, crucial for LTP stabilization.

What happens during long-term depression (LTD)?

LTD involves the weakening of synapses, primarily through the removal of AMPA receptors from the postsynaptic membrane.

Define neuronal plasticity.

Neuronal plasticity is the ability of the brain's neural networks to change through growth and reorganization.

How can experience rewire the brain?

Engaging in specific activities can lead to structural changes in the brain, enhancing areas related to those experiences.

What are gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments?

Gain-of-function experiments test whether a mechanism is sufficient for learning, while loss-of-function experiments test whether it is necessary.