9.1-9.3: Washington and Adams Administrations

what are some precedents washington set

oath of office --> hand on bible and say under god

what were washington's 4 major obstacles

constitutional legitimacy, america's economy, establish foreign credibility, deal with anxious native americans

what was the judiciary act under washington

created inferior courts

what new three states were added to the union under washington

kentucky, tennessee, vermont

who were washington's cabinet advisors

Hamilton (Treasury), Jefferson (State), Knox (War),

Randolph (Attorney General)

Why did France want the US to help them?

They helped US, they were fighting monarchies, and they were fighting Britain...

Who was Edmund Genet and what was his purpose

French Ambassador who came to the us to convince us to help France in the war... tries to insight anti-British feelings...

What was the Proclamation of Neutrality

Proclamation that stated that the us would stay out of the British and French conflicts...

What was the precedent set by Washington for foreign affairs

We stay out unless they directly benefit or invole us

Why was the Jay's Treaty created?

Britain was arming native Americans, they were impressing us soldiers and stealing their boats, and they were occupying forts in the us... We also owed GB money from before the war...

What did the Jay's treaty address?

Britain stopped arming the natives, they stopped occupying forts, and the recognized Americas right to free trade...

What was the Pinckney's Treaty?

The us got unrestricted rights of the Mississippi River and Spain got a northern border of Florida territory.

Why was the Pinckney Treaty created?

US was worried that Spain would stop them from using the Mississippi for trade and Spain was worried that the us would ally with Britain

What was the Treaty of Greenville?

The natives were forced to recognize that the us owns the land, but the us was forced to recognize the rights of traditional land.

What did the Treaty of Greenville introduce?

Coexistence between Native Americans and US citizens.

What main points did Hamilton's financial plan address?

1. acquiring state debts, 2. protecting americas infant industries (like manufacturing), 3. exercise taxes (like Whiskey Tax), and a 4. national bank

What did assuming state debts allow for?

Building infrastructure and establishing a line of credit for borrowing.

How were americas infant industries protected?

protective tariffs to protect Northern Manufactring

What were exercise taxes?

taxes on specific goods, like corn whiskey

What was one of the biggest problems with the national bank?

Jefferson believed it to be unconstitutional... he believed in strict construction of the US Constitution... Hamilton believed in Loose Construction

What was the Capital Compromise?

Jefferson gave southerner support to pass Hamilton's financial plan and the capital was moved to the south (eventually DC)

What did the Whiskey Rebellion prove?

That the Constitution was strong enough to survive... Washington executive branch enforced the law.

What were the 2 main political parties?

federalist (Federalists) and democratic-republican (anti-federalists)

What did the federalists support?

federal power, loose interpretation of the constitution, pro-British, large army

Where did federal support come from?

big money, industry, and merchants

What did the democratic-republicans support?

state power, strict interpretation of the constitution, pro-French, no standing army

Where did dem-rep support come from?

farmer class, agriculture, slave states

What did Washington warn in his Farewell Address?

avoid political parties, stay out of foreign affairs, don't form alliances, avoid sectionalism

What were the 3 obstacles that stopped adams from being a successful president?

washingtons shadow, jefferson as his vp, hamilton

Why did John Marshall go to France?

French started capturing our ships and impressing our sailors

What was the XYZ affair?

3 frenchmen told marshall that in order to meet with talleyrand the us must give 1 million to france, 300,000 for talleyrand, and have john adams publicly apologize

What did Hamilton and Jefferson want to do in result of the xyz Affair?

Hamilton- declare was on France, Jefferson- challenge Marshalls story

why does adams want support from the federal party

he wants to be re-elected

what did the federal party tell adams he had to do to keep the support of the federalist party

pass the naturalization act, alien act, and sedition act

what was the naturalization act

had to live in the us for 14 years instead of 5 to become a citizen

what was the alien act

if the government thought an alien was a threat, they could throw them out of the us

what was the sedition act

made it illegal to speak out against the govenments decisions while we were at wasr with france

Why did the Federalists want to pass the Sedition, Alien, and Naturalization Acts?

to keep Federalists in power... Quiet Democratic-Republic opposition

Why was the constitutionality of the Sedition Act, Alien Act, and Naturalization Act challenged?

no judicial review process "yet"

What is judicial review?

The Supreme Court's authority to decide if a law violates the Constitution.

Who wrote the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?

v- madison, k- jefferson

what were the virginia and kentucky resolutions

the states had the power to declare laws unconstitutional

what was the legacy of the virginia and kentucky resolutions

the american civil war

were the bills passed

no, because by the time they would have been enacted jefferson was the president

who were the candidates of 1800

adams and jefferson

what were the 3 topics of the election of 1800

war with france, economics/taxes, and the national bank

Who won the Election of 1800?

jefferson (73, 62%) to adams (64, 36%)

Why did the election of 1800 still go to the House of Representatives?

Burr and Jefferson got the same amount of votes.

What was the "Revolution" of 1800?

peaceful complete transfer of power (fed to dem-rep)

What was the lame duck period?

Time period an out-going President is still in office... but is scheduled to leave.

What was the Judiciary Act of 1801?

Passed by Adams just prior to leaving office; appointed "Midnight Judges"; increased # of federal judges by 16; appointed federalist judges to fill the vacancies (attempt to control the political direction of the country); appointed John Marshall as Chief Justice; Jefferson argued appointments to be invalid

What was the purpose of the judiciary act of 1801?

To pack the courts with federalists and control one branch of government

The election of 1796 saw

A. a Federalist president (Adams) and a Republican vice-president (Jefferson) take office

Midnight Appointments

After 1800, the only branch left in the Federalists' hands was the Judiciary. On John Adam's last night as president he made last minute appointments for Federalists to judgeships. He did so in an attempt to maintain Federalist control of judiciary branch.

Marbury v. Madison

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review