CH 1: Biology, taxonomy, levels of biological organization

flashcards from chapter 1. BY 101 at JSU with instructor Kennedy Norris

Natural sciences

the study of the natural world

natural science examples

biology, physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth sciences

biology

the study of life

scientific theory

a hypothesis supported by a multitude of eperiments and observations

theory examples

theory of evolution by natural selection, gravity, germ theory

scientific law

phenomenon that always occurs under certain conditions

law examples

law of gravity, law of thermodynamics, mendelian (genetics)

cell

membrane bound unit separate from surroundings

metabolism

any chemical change that takes place in a cell or organism to grow, reproduce, or maintain bodily functions

reproduction

how organisms pass on genetic information. can be asexual or sexual

growth

increase in mass

development

growth of an organism in stages

characteristics of life

has cells, performs homeostasis, uses energy/metabolizes, reproduces, grows or develops, adapts to environment, responds to environment

Science

a system of acquiring knowledge

scientific method

A way to ask and answer scientific questions by making observations and doing experiments

taxonomy

the science of naming, describing, and classifying organism

Father of taxonomy

Carl von Linne

binomial nomenclature

scientific name, Genus species

Domain

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

archaea

smallest domain; unicellular, they're everywhere, crucial for human microbiome

bacteria

largest domain; everywhere, vast majority are harmless

Eukarya

plants, animals, fungi, protists

Kingdom

animalia, plantae, fungi protista, eubacteria, archaebacteria

Kingdoms of Domain Eukarya

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

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taxonomic ranking order; Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

homologous structures

similar physical features in organisms with a common ancestor, even if the features serve completely different functions

mass extinction

extinction of a large number of species in a short geologic time, usually caused by specific events

niche

the physical and environmental conditions a species needs, and its interactions with other species.

atoms

smallest unit of a substance

molecules

atoms bond to form these

cells

smallest unit of life, specialized function

tissues

specific cells organized into specific patterns, specialized function

organs

structure made of tissues, carries out specific tasks

organ systems

interacting organs to perform bodily functions

organism

made of cells

population

all individuals of the same species in the same area

species

group of organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring

community

different species populations interacting in the same area

Ecosystem

community interacting with environment

biosphere

collection of ecosystems, anywhere life exsits