CH 1: Biology, taxonomy, levels of biological organization

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Last updated 7:49 PM on 11/28/22
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40 Terms

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Natural sciences
the study of the natural world
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natural science examples
biology, physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth sciences
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biology
the study of life
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scientific theory
a hypothesis supported by a multitude of eperiments and observations
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theory examples
theory of evolution by natural selection, gravity, germ theory
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scientific law
phenomenon that always occurs under certain conditions
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law examples
law of gravity, law of thermodynamics, mendelian (genetics)
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cell
membrane bound unit separate from surroundings
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metabolism
any chemical change that takes place in a cell or organism to grow, reproduce, or maintain bodily functions
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reproduction
how organisms pass on genetic information. can be asexual or sexual
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growth
increase in mass
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development
growth of an organism in stages
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characteristics of life
has cells, performs homeostasis, uses energy/metabolizes, reproduces, grows or develops, adapts to environment, responds to environment
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Science
a system of acquiring knowledge
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scientific method
A way to ask and answer scientific questions by making observations and doing experiments
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taxonomy
the science of naming, describing, and classifying organism
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Father of taxonomy
Carl von Linne
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binomial nomenclature
scientific name, Genus species
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Domain
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
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archaea
smallest domain; unicellular, they're everywhere, crucial for human microbiome
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bacteria
largest domain; everywhere, vast majority are harmless
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Eukarya
plants, animals, fungi, protists
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Kingdom
animalia, plantae, fungi protista, eubacteria, archaebacteria
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Kingdoms of Domain Eukarya
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
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taxonomic ranking order; Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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homologous structures
similar physical features in organisms with a common ancestor, even if the features serve completely different functions
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mass extinction
extinction of a large number of species in a short geologic time, usually caused by specific events
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niche
the physical and environmental conditions a species needs, and its interactions with other species.
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atoms
smallest unit of a substance
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molecules
atoms bond to form these
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cells
smallest unit of life, specialized function
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tissues
specific cells organized into specific patterns, specialized function
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organs
structure made of tissues, carries out specific tasks
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organ systems
interacting organs to perform bodily functions
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organism
made of cells
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population
all individuals of the same species in the same area
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species
group of organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring
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community
different species populations interacting in the same area
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Ecosystem
community interacting with environment
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biosphere
collection of ecosystems, anywhere life exsits