LSCO 2 Exam Section 1 (Airdrop, MA,SL,and Petrol)

Airdrop Operation Def.

Airdrop systems have a mix of delivery capabilities to support operations:

• wide-area free drop distribution

• low altitude ballistic parachute drops 

• high altitude GPS-guided systems with substantial stand-off capability

4 Drop Methods

1. Free-drop: 130 – 150 ft./s

   1. non-fragile items from a slow flying aircraft at low altitudes; CL IV,II

2. High-velocity: 70 – 90 ft./s

   1. high altitude but minimize drift of cargo; CL I,III,V

3. Medium-velocity: 40 ft./s

   1. used in all conditions and all op env.; CDS airdrop

4. Low-velocity: No more than 28 ft./s

   1. preferred method of airdrop due to the slow rate of decent; CLVII

7 Airdrop Components & Systems

1. Door Bundles

2. LVADS

3. CDS

4. DRAS

5. JPADS

6. LCADS

7. LCLA

Theater Aerial Delivery Company (TADC)

• Only Non-ABN Division / Corps aligned AD company

• Provides equip / cargo rigging and personnel parachute packing support to the theater from the JSA

• 40 short tons per day for cargo rigging

Airdrop Pros and Cons

Pros:

• used for no other means of transpo available

• permits throughput thru all echelons

• shorter turn-around time for aircraft

Cons:

• vulnerable to enemy ADA

• no backhaul capability

• reduced payload

Airland Def.

• Encompasses all situations where personnel and cargo are offloaded

• Can be done by landing an aircraft or when hovering off the ground (rotary wing)

• Typically, a rear area AD method due to the need for airstrips at embarkation and debarkation

• Airland is the most preferred method of AD

Airland Pros and Cons

Pros:

• Allows equipment that is not air-droppable to be brought rapidly in-theater.

• Capability to rapidly employ units after landing

• max use of aircraft loads 

• Can backhaul or evac personnel

Cons:

• More time required compared to Airdrop

• Greater # of support personnel and MHE required

• Engineer assets may be required to maintain the airfield 

• Specialty trained personnel are required to supervise, prepare and inspect supply loads.

Sling Load Def.

Overcomes many of the obstacles that hinder other methods of movement; air mvmnts & air assault

Used extensively in:

• ship-to-shore movement of cargo and equipment 

• mvmnt of supplies and equip across the op environment

• firepower emplacement

• will utilize a LZ organized by SSA

4 Sling Load Methods

1. Single Point

2. Dual-Point

3. Tandem Loads

4. Side-by-Side

Sling Load Pros/Cons

Pros:

• Rapid movement of heavy, outsized cargo directly to the user

• Allows the use of multiple flight routes and landing sites

• Planning time reduced; Backhaul Capability

• Can position combat and support assets without MHE or the need for onward movement

Cons:

• affected by adverse weather conditions

• Limited number of rotary-wing aircraft currently available 

• LZ surface conditions and the size impact operations

• requires specialized training

2 Modes of Aerial Delivery

1. Rotary

2. Fixed

AD Planning

• Sust. BDE is task organized to conduct theater sust will be attached rigger units for rigging in support of AD ops

• Requests for AD will go through the TSC/ESC that controls Theater Distro and then to the SPO cell of the Sustainment Brigade that is C2 for the riggers

3 Stages of AD Distro

1. Accompanying

2. Follow-up

• Automatic

• On Call

• Emergency

3. Demand Supported

Morturary Affairs Mission

• Recover, evacuate & identify human remains (HR)

• Operate Mortuary Affairs (MA) facilities

• Defense Support to Civil Authorities (DSCA) fatality management

3 Sub Programs of MA

1. Current Death: CONUS

2. Concurrent Death: OCONUS

3. Temporary Internment: Hazmat required; GCC only approving authority

MA Company Capabilities

• 4 PLTs with 4 collection teams each

• Each team establishes MACP

• 1 PLT can perform TMEP and /or TPED

Morturary Affairs Collection Points (MACP)

• Conduct limited recovery ops; receive, process, and evacuate human remains; maintain essential records and reports.

• Located: from JSA-CSA

• Operators: 6

• Capability of processing 20 HRs a day only store 16 HRs in a Mobile Integrated Remains Collection System (MIRCS)

3 MA Processing Factors

1. Receiving

2. Processing

3. Evacuation

Laundry and Shower Section

• Attached to CSSBs, DSSBs, Sustainment BDEs, or DSBs.

• 6 Shower and Laundry (SL) sections/teams per company.

• Located: JSA - BSA

• Parent: QM Field Service CO

• Each team operates one LADS and one 12 Head Shower System

• CAP: 1 Section Supports 500 Soldiers/Day — 3,500 Soldiers/Week 

  • 1 Co supports: 21,000 Soldiers/Week with 20 Hours/Day

Preventative Medicine

Tests water for CL I and showers for quality and safety

12-Head Shower SL

• Personnel:3 x 92S (to operate)

• Cap: 500 Soldiers/Day (3,500/Week)

• Capacity: 3,000 gallons of water per day 

• OPs Hours: 20 Operational hours/day

LADS (SL)

• Personnel: 2 x 92S (For operation)

• 540 gal/day water consumption 

• Fuel Cons.: 270 gal/day

• Amt. of Laundry: 400 lbs./hr

• OPs Hours: 20 hours/day operation

Containerized Batch Laundry

• Personnel: 3 x 92S (For operation)

• 2x washers and 2x dryers

• Can launder 150-200 pounds per hour

5 Types of Water Status

1. Potable Water: Water that has been tested and approved by PM personnel to meet the STP or LTP standards, and is therefore considered safe to drink for the period that the standards apply to. Potable water may or may not be palatable.

2. Non-Potable Water: that is not safe to drink. In op environment, water from any source that has not been approved by PM for use as drinking water.

3. Palatable Water: Water that is generally pleasing to the senses. Palatable water is not potable

4. Wastewater: Black water refers to human waste; Gray water refers to wastewater from non-latrine sources

5. Product Water: Water outflow from a water treatment or purification system

3 Phases of Water Support Operations

1. Water Purification Operations (field service) 

2. Water Storage Operations (supply operation) 

3. Water Distro Ops (supply and transpo op)

Tactical Water Purification System (TWPS)

• Produces potable water 1500 GPH from fresh water or 1200 GPH from salt water

• 20 hour per day operation with 4 hours for maintenance

• LHS/PLS compatible

• Once water is purified it is stored in 3k bags (15k gallons total storage capacity)

Lightweight Water Purifier (LWP)

• Produces potable water 125 GPH from fresh water or 75 GPH from salt water

• 20 hrs/day operation with 4 hrs for maint

• Once water is purified it is stored in 1k bags (2k gallons total storage capacity)

3000 GPH Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Unit (ROWPU)

• 3000 GPH from fresh water - 2000 GPH from salt water

• 20 hr/day ops with 4 hours for maint

• Mounted on a trailer

• Water after purification is stored in 3k bags (30k total)

• Found only in QM Water Support Company

3,000 Gal Tank (ONION)

• Provides ability to store large quantities of water anywhere in the world regardless of host location infrastructure

• 3000 gallon capacity water tank, storage ONLY

• Found with the ROWPU or TWPS

Unit Water Pod System 3,000 Gal Semi-Trailer Mounted Fabric Tank (SMFT)

• To transport (Line Haul) water must be completely full or empty

• Found with ROWPU

• (No baffle plates)

Water Tank Rack (HIPPO): Found in Co Level

• Provides ability to receive, store, and issue B water

• 2000 gallon capacity water tank, the only bulk water distribution capability in the BCT

• Pumping capacity of 125 GPM 

• Found in BCT BSB Distribution Co, QM Water Purification & Distribution Co, and Composite Supply Co.

Water Storage Distro Sets (WSDS)

• Provides unit water storage up to 40K gallons per day

• 1 set includes 4x 10k bags with three pumping units

• Stored and transported in 6x TRICONs

• Found with CSCs and QM WS Companies

• FSSP but for water

Water Buffalo

• Water storage at the mnvr company level and distribution to the squad and individual Soldier. 

• 400 gallon capacity water tank.

• Prime mover LMTV / MTV.

• A water buffalo can be found in every company sized element in the Army

Unit Water Pod System (Camel II)

• Water storage at the mnvr company level and distribution and supports field feeding activities. 

• 800 gal capacity

• Prime mover LMTV / MTV.

• Heater and chilling unit (used to keep water cool and prevent freezing

Forward Area Water Point Supply System (FAWPSS)

• Support for small unit requirements and where no ground supply route is available (Sling Load and/or Air Drop)

• Used to create a Forward Area Water Point (FAWP)

• 6x 500 gal collapsible drums.

• 1x 125 GPM pump.

Personnel/Units W/Water Responsibilities

• Quartermaster Corps: 

  • Develops concepts and doctrine for purification, storage & distribution

• Corps Of Engineers:                                 

  • Finds & drills for ground water, establishes well sites, constructs/improves facilities

• Preventive Medicine (68S):

  • Approves Water Sources And Product Water IAW TB Med 577

SPO

• Responsible for synchronizing water distro ops for all units assigned or attached.

• Responsible for applying capabilities against requirements

• Develops the concept of operations (based on the concept of support) and the distribution or logistics package plan. 

Petroleum and Water Group

Normally attached to a TSC for command and control theater logisitics

Water Unit/Capability within CSSB

• The SPO staff section provides water planning, guidance, and support to forces in an assigned support area

• A water support company or a composite supply company will be attached to or placed operational control (OPCON) to the CSSB to execute water support operations. 

• BCTs are dependent on the DSSB/CSSB to provide purified water, as they do not have organic water treatment systems.

Water Support Company

Produces, stores, issues, and distros B water for DSA - JSA.  Employed when limited raw water sources at tactical levels. 

• Purifies 150,000 gallons of fresh water a day or 94,000 gallons of sea water

• Operate 9 water points

• Stores 60,000 gallons of water

• Production: 2x ROWPU 1x TWPS

• Distro: 10x HIPPOs (20,000 gallons)

CSC Water PLT Capabilities

• Lightweight Water Purification systems (LWP), and 40K gallons of bulk water storage.

• QM CSC does not include bulk water distro ops

• Purifies 120,000 gallons of water per day from fresh water source or 96,000 gallons from salt water source

• Operate 4 water points

• Stores 100,000 gallons of water

• Production: 4x TWPS, 4x LWPS

• Storage / Distro: 30x HIPPO, 1x Water Storage/Distribution Sets (WSDS) (40K gal)

A CO BSB Water Capabilities

• The platoon’s water section stores and distributes bulk water for the brigade. 

• Water operations in the distro co include forward mobile storage and distribution to the FSCs W

• Water section has 5x HEMTT LHS, 5x PLS Trailers, and 10x HIPPOs to support this mission

• No water purification capabilities

FSC Water Capabilities

• Has no water purification

• Has no bulk water storage

• Has water buffalos

Difference Btwn Refuel and Bulk CL III

• Retail fueling operations occur when refueling an actual customer

• Fueling operations dealing with more than 2,375 gallons of fuel. Bulk fuel typically occurs at echelons above brigade.

Petrol Support Battalion

• Provides mission command for 3-5 companies

• Consists of 3 Org. COs: HHC, PPTOC, and Petrol Support CO

• Consists of up to 375 miles of petroleum pipelines, related terminal facilities, and the transpo of class III (B).

• Operates from TSC-FSC

Petroleum Pipeline and Terminal Operating Company

• Operates in operational level of warfare

• Maintains up to 75mi of pipeline

• Provides transpo and distro supply points of CL III (B) and retail

• Manages receipt, storage, issue, and distribution of bulk petroleum products in support of LSCO

Tactical Petroleum Terminal (TPT)

• Receive, store, and issue fuels from/to:  ships, barges, pipelines, rail cars, hose lines, and tank trucks

• Located at SPOE

• Capacity of 3,780,000 gallons

• Containerized system (77 ea 20’ containers)

• Found only in a Petroleum Pipeline Terminal Operating Company

Petroleum Support Company (PSC)

• Receives, stores, and transfers bulk petroleum, providing wholesale and area support, and limited distribution in a theater of operations in EAB

• Capability: Receipt and Issue 400,000 gal CL III(B) per day

• Store 1.8M gal per day. Distro 75k gal per day

• Span of OPs: EAB - BSA

Inland Petroleum Distro System (IPDS)

• Can interface with a refinery, existing fuel source, or Navy Off-Shore Petroleum Distribution System (OPDS)

• Containerized system (13 ea 20’ containers)

• Flow rate: 720,000 gal per day

• Pipeline installed by Engineer Company (Vertical) (3-5 miles per 24 hrs), but operated and maintained by Petroleum Pipeline Terminal Operating Company (PPTO)

Assault Hoseline System (AHS)

• Transfers large quantities of fuel between temporary bulk storage sites at varying distances up to 2.5 miles. 

• Consists of 14,000 feet of lightweight, collapsible 4 inch hose mounted on four (4) hose reels (each hose reel contains approximately 3,500 feet of hose).             

• There are (3) each 350 GPM trailer mounted, diesel powered pumping unit. Pumping rate at 350 GPM is 21,000 GPH. The hose system is deployed at 2.5 mph and recovered  at ¾ mph.          

• 2-6 pax to operate

Petroleum Liaison Team

• Assigned to HHC TSC or HHC ESC, or Sustainment Brigade

• Provides liaison service between supported units, HN petroleum activities, DLA, and the petroleum requirements branch of the QM Group. 

• Ensures proper quality surveillance procedures used to meet US military standards

• Determines transpo requirements for bulk petroleum from non-U.S. military activities to U.S. forces 

• 10 pax

Petroleum Quality Analysis Team (PQAT)

• Assigned to an ASB or CSSB

• Operates a petroleum laboratory used to perform complete specification and procurement acceptance testing of petroleum products received from supported units 

• Provides technical assistance for handling, storing, sampling, identifying, and performing quality evaluation of petroleum products and their containers for all U.S. and allied forces on an area support basis

• Provides petroleum testing under field conditions on ground and aviation fuels, and limited B-level testing on packaged  petroleum products

• Team has 2 pax 

• PQAS-E

• It is a mobile facility that provides petroleum testing

• Performs all levels of quality surveillance test throughout all echelons 

• Tests quality of fuel (up to 21 fuel property tests) 

• Determines whether the fuel is for ground or air use

• Found in a Petroleum Quality Analysis Team, HHCs of  Petroleum Group, PPTO Battalion, and Petroleum Support Battalion

7.5K POL Trans Co

• Provides the Army with motor transport capability to move bulk fuel in EAB

• 60xM915 Trucks and 60 M1062 7.5K Tankers

• Single Company can transport 450K Gal of fuel per haul

• Normally employed in a SUST BDE AO, it is dependent upon improved roads

• Will be placed under the mission command of a CSSB or POL Support BN

M1062

• The M1062 is designed for bulk delivery support over primary and secondary roads. 

•  Hose: two (2) - fourteen (14) foot transfer hose for bulk loading and off-loading.

• 1 Person to Operate

5K POL Trans Co

• moves bulk fuel in JSA-CSA

• 60x M915 trucks and 60x M967 (SUBLIN M969) 5K tankers

• Transports 300K Gal of fuel per haul.

• SUST BDE to provide both line haul and local haul operations.

• Can be placed under the mission command of a CSSB or POL Support BN.

 5K POL Trans Co (Tactical)

• Receive/transport bulk petrol in support of division/corps or theater ops

• Can transport 300K Gal of fuel per haul.

• SUST BDE AO to provide both line haul and local haul operations.

• Placed under CSSB, DSSB or POL Support BN.

• 60x M1088 Tractors and 60x 5k M967 (SUBLIN M969) fuel tankers

M967

• The M967 is designed for wholesale bulk delivery only for hwys and limited cross-country use.

• Hose: (3) - (14) foot transfer hose for bulk loading and off-loading.

• 1 Operator

• No retail capability

M969

• The M969A3, fuel servicing (retail and bulk service) 5,000-gallon tanker may be used only with the following prime movers that have ABS braking systems: M915As M1088 (FMTV), and M931

• Hose: (2) hose reels – 50 foot lengths of foot transfer hose for bulk loading and off-loading

• 1 Operator

QM CSC

• Provides gen. supply, CL I retrograde support/CL III

• Storage Section: 1x PRM, 1x 300k FSSP, 2x 120k FSSP.

• Distro Section: 2x FARE, 12x M969, 20x TRM, 6x M978

• Operates from CSA-BSA

• Capability: Can receive, store, and issue 540,000 gal CL III (B) per day 

120K Fuel System Supply Point (FSSP)

• The Fuel System Supply Point (FSSP) is the Army's primary means of distributing and issuing bulk petroleum to combat forces. The FSSP system consists of the following:

  • The 120K FSSP consists of

  • 6 each 20K Collapsible tanks.

  • Hoses: suction hose 680 ft; discharge hose 1,945 ft

• 10 Operators min.

300K Fuel System Supply Point (FSSP)

• The Fuel System Supply Point (FSSP) is primary means of distro bulk petroleum.

  • The 300K FSSP consists of 2; 6 each 50K Collapsible tanks.

  • Hoses: suction hose 680 ft; discharge hose 1,945 ft

• 10 operators min

Pump Rack Modules (PRM)

• For ROM

• It provides the ability to rapidly establish a fuel distribution and storage capability at any location

• Can be used for aircraft refueling and also used with collapsible fabric tanks.  

• Tranpo via PLS

• 1 Operator

• Only found in CSCs

• Capabilities: 

  • 1 PRM, 7 TRM, 8 point retail (Ground and or Aviation) 

  • 1-4 point bulk 

  • 17,500 gallons

Tank Rack Module Part of MFS (TRM)

• Located: FSC - CTCP

• The 2,500 gal tactical transpo bulk fuel distribution. Capable of receiving, storing, and issuing fuel.

• TRM has one retail nozzle

• A PLS or HEMTT-LHS can transport two TRMs – one on the truck and one on the PLS trailer – for a total of up to 5,000 gallons. 

•  The HEMTT Fueler M978 can tow a PLS trailer with the TRM for a combined fuel load of 5,000 gallons.

Tank Pump Unit (TPU)

• Mobile fuel transporter

• Used to provide retail fuel to ground vehicles and generators

• 1,200 gallon capacity or 1,000 gallon capacity depends on model

• Mounted on 5 ton truck

Fuel Drum (Blivet)

• 500 gal

• Component of the AAFARS or FARE system

• Aerial delivery usage

M978

• 2,500 gal capacity w/2 fuel resupply nozzles.

• 10 ton, 8 by 8 all terrain vehicle with 66,000 lbs GVWR and 109,000 lbs GCWR. 

• 1 Operator

HEMTT Tanker Aviation Refueling System (HTARS)

• four point helicopter refueling system simultaneous refuel of multiple helos 

• 2 operators min

Refuel on the Move (ROM)

• Provide refueling for up to 8 vics

• Primary fuel source for the ROM is the M969 semi-trailer. The FSSP could be used as the fuel source.

• 9 Min Operators

What Units Execute Bulk Fuel Mission

• Petroleum Support Battalion: JSA-DSA

• Petrol Pipeline and Terminal Company

• Petroleum Support Company

• 7.5K POL: Only Distro B fuel

Only Distros B Fuel

• 5K: only distro B fuel

• 5K: Tactical only distro B fuel

• QM CSC: can distro B fuel and receive

Units that Provide Retail Fuel

• BSB: Fuel and Water PLT

• QM CSC