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Individual Differences
Distinctiveness and variations among people’s characteristics and behaviour patterns.
Situationism
Situations and circumstances in which one is placed influence one’s behaviour more than their characteristics
Psychological attributes
Can range from simple phenomena
Reaction time
To global concepts
Happiness
Assessment
Measurement of psychological attributes of individuals and their evaluation, using multiple methods
Psychological attributes are multidimensional, so to assess a person, one needs to assess various domains of it.
Formal assessment
Objective, standardised, organised
Psychologists are trained to use this
Informal assessment
Varies from case to case, from one assessor to another, and is open to subjective interpretation
Intelligence
Global capacity to:
Understand the world
Think rationally
Use available resources to overcome challenges
A test measures a person’s general cognitive competence
Inability to profit from schooling likely signals low intelligence