Frog Anatomy - Organ Functions

Maxillary Teeth

small, pointed structures located on the upper jaw (maxilla) of frogs.

Vomerine Teeth

located on the roof of the frog's mouth, specifically on the vomer bone.

esophagus

a tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

stomach

a muscular organ that stores food and begins the process of chemical digestion using enzymes and acid.

liver

a large, reddish-brown organ that produces bile, stores energy, and helps detoxify the blood.

gall bladder

a small, green sac that stores bile produced by the liver.

pancreas

a pale, finger-like organ that produces digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin.

small intestine

a long, coiled tube where most nutrient absorption occurs.

large intestine

a wider tube that absorbs water and forms fecal matter.

rectum

the final section of the large intestine, where feces are stored before elimination.

cloaca

a common chamber where the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems meet before waste exits the body.

archinephric duct

part of the frog's excretory system.

heart

has three chambers: two atria and one ventricle.

right atrium

receives deoxygenated blood from the body.

left atrium

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

ventricle

pumps blood to both the lungs and the body.

Conus/Truncus Arteriosus

the large artery that leaves the heart and branches into smaller arteries.

carotid arch

a major blood vessel that supplies blood to the head and neck.

interior carotid artery

branches from the carotid arch and supplies blood to the brain.

dorsal aorta

the main artery that runs along the back, distributing blood to the body.

postcaval vein

This large vein returns deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart.

internal nostril

Also known as the choana, the internal nostril is an opening in the roof of the mouth that connects to the external nostrils.

lungs

Frogs have two simple, sac-like lungs used for breathing air.

larynx (voice box)

contains the vocal cords and is used for croaking.

kidneys

bean-shaped organs that filter waste from the blood and produce urine.

bladder

a thin-walled sac that stores urine before it's expelled through the cloaca.

ovaries

produce and store eggs (ova) in female frogs.

oviducts

tubes that transport eggs from the ovaries to the cloaca.

uterus

part of the reproductive system, storing eggs before they are laid and providing a protective environment for developing eggs.

testes

produce sperm in male frogs.tes

testis efferent ducts

In male frogs, testis efferent ducts are small tubes connected to the testes that transport sperm from the testes to the kidneys.

seminal vesicle

stores sperm before it's released.s

spleen

a small, round organ that filters blood and stores red blood cells.

adrenal glands

sit on top of the kidneys and produce hormones like adrenaline.

fat bodies

yellow, finger-like structures that store energy and help with hibernation.ton

tongue

attached at the front of the mouth and flips out to catch prey.

auditory orifice (tympanum)

the frog's external ear structure that receives sound waves from the environment.