A&P, ch1, atlas 1

What are the 7 characteristics of life?

1. Composed of one or more cells

2. Organized and Complex

3. React to Stimuli

4. Growth, Development, and Reproduction

5. Capture and use energy

6. Homeostasis

7. Evolve as a species

What happens if homeostasis fails?

The body will lose balance internally and allow for illness or death

What is negative feedback?

An elevated body response that allows for REVERSAL restoring homeostasis

What is an example of negavtive feedback?

When body temperature exceeds normal temp of 98.6, so (-) reverses the temp to a balanced state

What are the 3 parts of negative feedback, what does each mean?

1. Receptor- Detects change

2. Integrator- What is the body gonna do about that change

3. Effector- Respond to the change

What is positive feedback?

-AMPLIFIES changes in body

What is an example of Positive Feedback?

During childbirth excess oxytocine is released to amplify contractions, when baby is born body relaxes to original state

What is the hierarchy of complexity?

Organism, Organ System (digestive), Organ (stomach), Tissue (muscle tissue), Cells, Organelles, Molecules

What is anatomical position?

• Person stands erect - standing upright

• Feet flat on the floor - both feet planted firmly on the ground

• Arms at the sides - hanging naturally by the sides of the body

• Palms facing forward - hands open with palms directed toward the front

• Eyes and face facing forward - looking straight ahead

What is sagittal plane?

Divides Right and Left

What is Transverse plane?

Divides body in half

What is frontal plane?

Divides body front and back

Supine vs Prone

supine- facing up

prone- facing down

Anterior vs Posterior

-Anterior (ventral) to the front

-Posterior (dorsal) to the back

Another way to say anterior and posterior is?

ventral and dorsal

Up and down reference points are used for which part of the body?

• Reserved for axial skeleton

• Superior- above

• Inferior- below

Medial vs Lateral

• medial- toward midline

• lateral- away from midline

What are the appendicular directional terms?

• Proximal- closer to point of attachment

• Distal- farther form point of attachment

Superficial vs Deep

• Superifical- closer to the surface

• Deep- away from surface

• ex) heart is deep to the rib cage/bones are deep to skin

What is appendicular region?

The arms and legs

What is axial region?

The trunk of the body

What are the abdominal quadrants?

RUQ,RLQ,LUQ,LLQ

What are the abdominal regiond

epihepigastric, umbillical, hypogastric, hypochondriac, lumbar, inguinal