GL 21 - Upper GI Tract

Cervical constriction

Term for the 1st esophageal constriction

Cricopharyngeus muscle

What structure is responsible for the 1st esophageal constriction

Aortobronchial

Term for the 2nd esophageal constriction

Aortic arch and L primary bronchus

Structures responsible for the 2nd esophageal constriction

Diaphragmatic

Term for the 3rd esophageal constriction

Diaphragm

Structure responsible for the 3rd esophageal constriction

CV 6 (At the level of cricoid cartilage)

Commencement of the esophagus

TV 11 (At the esophagogastric junction)

Termination of the esophagus

Vagus nerve and sympathetic trunks

Innervation of the esophagus

F; Remember LARP

T/F: The L vagus lies posterior to the esophagus while the R vagus lies anterior to the esophagus

Inferior Thyroid Artery

Blood supply of the upper third of the esophagus

Esophageal branches from the descending thoracic aorta

Blood supply of the middle third of the esophagus

L Gastric artery

Blood supply of the lower third of the esophagus

Inferior thyroid vein

Venous drainage of the upper third of the esophagus

Azygous vein

Venous drainage of the middle third of the esophagus

L Gastric Vein

Venous drainage of the lower third of the esophagus

Deep Cervical

Lymph drainage of the upper third of the esophagus

Superior and Posterior Mediastinal

Lymph drainage of the middle third of the esophagus

Nodes along L Gastric vessels and Celiac Nodes

Lymph drainage of the lower third of the esophagus

T

T/F: The LES is not a true anatomical sphincter

J shaped

Shape of the stomach in tall and thin individuals

Steerhorn

Shape of the stomach in short and obese individuals

Cardiac and Pyloric

2 openings of the stomach

Fundus

This is the dome-shaped part of the stomach that is gas-filled

Incisura angularis

This is the constant angulation on the lesser curvature of the stomach that marks the end of the body and beginning of the antrum

Body

This part of the stomach spans from the cardiac orifice to the incisura angularis

Antrum

This part of the stomach spans from the incisura angularis to the pylorus

Transpyloric plane

At what plane does the pylorus lie on?

Pyloric sphincter

This is the thick muscular wall of the pylorus

Pyloric canal

This is the cavity of the pylorus

Cardia

This part of the stomach is where the esophagus enters the stomach

Trachea, L RLN, L Principal Pericardium

Structures found anterior to the esophagus

Thoracic vertebra, Thoracic duct, Azygos vein, R Posterior intercostal arteries, Thoracic Aorta

Structures found posterior to the esophagus

Mediastinal pleura and the terminal part of azygos vein

Structures found to the right of the esophagus

L subclavian artery, Aortic Arch, Thoracic Duct, Mediastinal Pleura

Structures found to the left of the esophagus

Lesser Curvature

This structure forms the R border of the stomach

Lesser omentum

The lesser curvature of the stomach is suspended from the liver by what structure?

Greater Curvature

This structure forms the L border of the stomach

Gastrosplenic omentum

This structure connects the upper greater curvature to the spleen

Greater omentum

This structure connects the lower greater curvature to the transverse colon

Abdominal aorta

Origin of the celiac trunk

TV 12

Commencement of the celiac trunk

L. Gastric, Common Hepatic, and Splenic Artery

Terminal Branches of the Celiac trunk

Pancreatic branches, L. gastroepiploic artery, and short gastric arteries

Primary branches of the splenic artery

Gastroduodenal artery

Origin of the R. Gastroepiploic artery

R. Gastric artery, Gastroduodenal artery, and R & L Hepatic artery

Terminal branches of the common hepatic artery

Rugae

These are the longitudinal folds found in the stomach when empty

Anterior Abdominal wall, Left costal margin, Left pleura and lung, Diaphragm, Left liver lobe

Structures found anterior to the stomach

Lesser sac, Diaphragm, spleen, L adrenal, L kidney, Splenic artery, pancreas, transverse colon and mesocolon

Structures found posterior to the stomach

L Gastric Artery

Supplies the upper R of the stomach

R Gastric Artery

Supplies the upper border of the pylorus and lower right of the stomach

Short Gastric Artery

Supplies the fundus of the stomach

L Gastroepiploic artery

Supplies the upper greater curve of the stomach

R Gastroepiploic artery

Supplies the lower greater curve of the stomach

L and R Gastric vein

This venous drainage of the stomach directly drains into the portal vein

Short gastric and L gastroepiploic vein

This venous drainage of the stomach drains into the splenic vein

R Gastroepiploic vein

This venous drainage of the stomach drains into the superior mesenteric vein

Superior Mesenteric Vein + Splenic Vein

Formation of the portal vein

Celiac Node

What lymph node drains the stomach?

Celiac Plexus

Sympathetic innervation of the stomach

Ant. & Post. Vagal Branches

PSNS Innervation of the stomach

T

T/F: The L vagus makes up the Ant. vagal branch while the R vagus makes up the Post. vagal branch

Hepatic branch

What branch of the anterior vagal trunk supplies the liver?

Pyloric branch

What branch of the anterior vagal trunk supplies the pylorus?

Celiac and SMA Plexuses

The posterior vagal branch forms part of what plexuses?

Pars superioris

What is the only intraperitoneal part of the duodenum

Pars descendens

What part of the duodenum has papillae

Ligament of Treitz

This structure fixes the duodenojejunal flexure to the right crus

Pars Ascendens

Which part of the duodenum is the ligament of treitz found in?

Ligament of Treitz

Marks the boundary of the upper and lower GI tract

Pars Descendens, Pars horizontalis, Pars Ascendens

Which parts of the duodenum can you find plicae circulares in?

Main Pancreatic duct and Common bile duct

Which ducts drain into the major duodenal papilla

Accessory Pancreatic Duct

Which duct drains into the minor duodenal papilla

Superior Pancreaticoduodenal artery

Supplies the upper half of the duodenum

Gastroduodenal artery

Origin of the Superior Pancreaticoduodenal artery

Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal artery

Supplies the lower half of the duodenum

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Origin of the Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal artery

Superior pancreaticoduodenal vein

Drains the superior portion of the duodenum

Portal vein

The Superior pancreaticoduodenal vein drains into?

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal vein

Drains the inferior portion of the duodenum

Superior Mesenteric vein

The Inferior pancreaticoduodenal vein drains into?

Celiac Nodes

What nodes does the upper half of the duodenum drain into?

SMA Nodes

What nodes does the lower half of the duodenum drain into?

Celiac and SMA Plexuses

Both PSNS and SNS innervation of the duodenum

LV 1

Pars superioris is found at what vertebral level

Right side of LV2-3

Pars descendens is found at what vertebral level

Subcostal

Pars horizontalis is found at what plane?

Quadrate lobe of liver and gallbladder

Structures found anterior to the pars superioris

Transvers colon, Right liver lobe, Gallbladder fundus

Structures found anterior to the pars descendens

Mesentery roots with SMA vessels and jejunal coils

Structures found anterior to the pars horizontalis

Mesentery roots and jejunal coils

Structures found anterior to the pars ascendens

Lesser sac, Gastroduodenal artery, Bile Duct, Portal vein, and IVC

Structures found posterior to the pars superioris

Right ureter and hilum of kidney

Structures found posterior to the pars descendens

Right ureter, right psoas, IVC, Aorta

Structures found posterior to the pars horizontalis

Left margin of aorta and medial border of left psoas

Structures found posterior to the pars ascendens

Epiploic foramen

Structure found superior to the pars superioris

Head of pancreas

Structure found superior to the pars horizontalis

Head of Pancreas

Structure found inferior to the pars superioris

Jejunal coils

Structure found inferior to the pars horizontalis

Ascending colon, Hepatic flexure and R liver

Structure found lateral to the pars descendens