Quiz 6 Single Subjects

Single Subjects Between or Within?

Single Subjects Between or Within?

Always Within

How many participants in a single subject design?

No set number of participants

Single subject designs are what kind of design?

Repeated mesure design

Replication within sessions does what?

Takes multiple measures within a single session. Conducts an experiment with multiple sessions

Replication within conditions does what?

multiple sessions in both baseline and intervention. Baseline acts as control

Replication of conditions does what?

Goes back and forth between baseline and condition. ABAB. Strong internal validity.

Replication across subjects does what?

Same intervention across multiple different subjects

Data collection group design vs single subject

Group must use statistical tests to determine if there was an effect. Single subjects use visual analysis.

Level change in Visual analysis

1st key feature. Where are the data points. in relation to the y axis? High, moderate, low. Big level changes are great to show there was an effect with the intervention

Trends in Visual Analysis

2nd key feature. An increasing trend typically shows learning with participants. You want to see a trend with intervention but NOT in baseline

Variability in Visual analysis

3rd key feature. high variability shows that there are other variables controlling data. There will always be variability in data.

why do we only change one variable at a time?

to help understand what exactly is controlling behavior

Disadvantages of single subject designs?

Less generalizable to public. Not good at detecting small effects. less convincing to some scientists. longer observation periods. One participant leaving can really throw off data or even ruin the study.

Advantages of single subject designs

Facilitates replication. You don’t lose data due to averaging. Investigates behavior in real time. flexibility on procedures.

Reversal Design

ABA. Withdraw treatment and end in baseline.

Multiple Baseline Design

ABAB. Biggest advantage to control carry over effects. Can be across participants, settings, and behaviors. Good for evaluating treatments that may have lasting effects.

What is changing criterion design good for?

Shaping

What’s the IV in a changing criterion design?

the goal or treatment criteria set by researcher

What’s the concern with ABA design?

Ethical concern leaving participants in baseline