Lab 3 and practical

Total bones in the human body

206

Bones in the axial skeleton

80

Bones in the appendicular skeleton

126

Number of cervical vertebrae

7

Number of thoracic vertebrae

12

Number of lumbar vertebrae

5

Bones in the skull

22

Cranial bones

8

Facial bones

14

Number of ribs

24

Bones in vertebral column

26

Bones in each limb

30

Carpals bones

8

Tarsals bones

7

Metacarpals bones

5

Metatarsals bones

5

Phalanges in hand

14

Phalanges in foot

14

Bone building cells

Osteoblasts

Bone maintenance cells

Osteocytes

Bone breakdown cells

Osteoclasts

Cells in cartilage

Chondrocytes

Dense outer bone tissue

Compact bone

Lightweight inner bone tissue

Spongy bone

Functional unit of bone

Osteon

Long bone shaft

Diaphysis

Ends of long bone

Epiphysis

Region between epiphysis and diaphysis

Metaphysis

Outer bone covering

Periosteum

Inner bone lining

Endosteum

Bone formation from cartilage

Endochondral ossification

Bone formation without cartilage

Intramembranous ossification

Bone growth in width

Appositional growth

Joint with no movement

Synarthrosis

Joint with slight movement

Amphiarthrosis

Freely movable joint

Diarthrosis

Fibrous joint example

Suture

Joint where teeth fit into sockets

Gomphosis

Cartilage joint example

Pubic symphysis

Joint allowing rotation

Pivot joint

Joint allowing bending

Hinge joint

Joint allowing movement in many directions

Ball and socket joint

Movement away from midline

Abduction

Movement toward midline

Adduction

Decreasing joint angle

Flexion

Increasing joint angle

Extension

Bones of the pectoral girdle

Clavicle and scapula

Bones of the pelvic girdle

Sacrum and coccyx

Parts of a rib

Head and tubercle

Direct ribs

Ribs that attach directly to sternum

Indirect ribs

Ribs that attach indirectly to sternum

Floating ribs

Ribs with no sternum attachment

Soft spots in baby skull

Fontanelles