RxPrep Common Skin Conditions

aloe

natural product that's used for many skin conditions, including sunburn and psoriasis; may provide a soothing effect

tea tree oil

natural product used for a variety of skin conditions, such as acne; may be helpful for onychomycosis but won't eradicate the infection in most patients

lysine

natural product, taken as a tablet, capsule, or applied topically for cold sore (herpes simplex labialis) prevention and treatment

biotin

vitamin used for hair loss and brittle nails

vitamin D

used topically for skin conditions, such as diaper rash and psoriasis

entacapone, levodopa, methyldopa

What 3 drugs can discolor the skin and secretions brown?

iron

What drug can discolor the skin and secretions brown/black/green?

nitrofurantoin

What drug can discolor the skin and secretions brown/yellow?

sulfasalazine

What drug can discolor the skin and secretions orange/yellow?

propofol

What drug can discolor the skin and secretions yellow-green?

phenazopyridine, rifampin

What 2 drugs can discolor the skin and secretions red-orange?

anthracyclines

What drug class can discolor the skin and secretions red?

methylene blue, mitoxantrone

What 2 drugs can discolor the skin and secretions blue?

amiodarone

What drug can discolor the skin and secretions blue-gray?

androgens

What is the primary determinant of acne?

Cutibacterium acnes; Propionibacterium acnes; sebum; sebaceous

The presence of the bacteria ________, formerly known as ________, and fatty acids such as ________ in ________ glands are a determinant of acne.

androgen

male sex hormones

OTC benzoyl peroxide,

OTC salicylic acid,

retinoids,

systemic isotretinoin,

topical/systemic antibiotics

What 5 drugs/classes are primarily used to treat acne?

retinoid

vitamin A derivative drug class that primarily works by reducing adherence of the keratinocytes (outer skin cells) in the oil gland

true

True or False: Retinoids are teratogenic and must be avoided in pregnancy or breastfeeding.

at night; pea

Retinoids should be applied daily (at night/in the morning) with a(n) ________-sized amount when treating acne.

4-12 weeks

Retinoids take ________ to work and can initially worsen acne.

isotretinoin

oral retinoid approved by the FDA for severe, recalcitrant nodular acne only; has many safety considerations

cholesterol, pregnancy

What 2 tests are required for monitoring while taking isotretinoin?

oral contraceptives

Some women find benefit with treating acne with ________, especially if the acne occurs around the menstrual cycle or if irregular menses or symptoms of androgenic excess are present.

azelaic acid

topical dicarboxylic acid cream or gel available OTC and prescription for acne and rosacea

clascoterone

topical androgen receptor inhibitor that can be used as an alternative for the treatment of mild acne in patients ≥12 years old

topical benzoyl peroxide, topical combination, topical retinoid

What are 3 first line options for mild acne?

benzoyl peroxide + retinoid,

benzoyl peroxide + topical antibiotic,

benzoyl peroxide + retinoid + topical antibiotic

What are 3 topical combination options for acne?

add topical benzoyl peroxide or retinoid,

switch to another retinoid,

topical clascoterone,

topical dapsone

What are 4 alternative treatment options for mild acne?

oral antibiotic + BPO + topical retinoid ± topical antibiotic,

topical combination

What are 2 first line options for moderate acne?

add combined oral contraceptive (females),

add oral isotretinoin,

add spironolactone (females),

switch oral antibiotic

What are 4 alternative treatment options for moderate acne?

oral isotretinoin,

topical combination + oral antibiotic

What are 2 first line options for severe acne?

add combined oral contraceptive (females),

add oral isotretinoin (if not previously tried),

add spironolactone (females),

switch oral antibiotic

What are 4 alternative treatment options for severe acne?

topical retinoids

Tretinoin, tazarotene, trifarotene, and adapalene are examples of ________ used to treat acne.

Atralin, Altreno, Renova, Retin-A

What are 4 brand names for topical tretinoin?

Differin

What is the brand name for topical adapalene?

pregnancy

Topical retinoids should be avoided in ________.

Avita, Retin-A Micro

What 2 topical tretinoin brands have a slower release and less skin irritation?

pregnancy

Tazarotene is contraindicated in ________.

20 minutes; after

Topical retinoids should be applied about ________ (after/before) washing the face.

limit sun exposure

What's an important counseling point for topical retinoids?

decrease frequency, lower strength

What are 2 things that can be done to reduce irritation with topical retinoids?

benzoyl peroxide

What topical acne product can bleach clothing?

clindamycin, erythromycin, minocycline

What are 3 antibiotics used topically for acne?

azelaic acid,

benzoyl peroxide,

salicylic acid

What are 3 non-retinoid topical acne products?

G6PD deficiency

Dapsone gel should be avoided in ________.

HPA axis suppression

________ may occur during or after treatment for acne with clascoterone.

Absorica, Amnesteem

What are 2 brand names for oral isotretinoin?

capsule

What formulation does oral isotretinoin come in?

2

Female patients must have ________ negative pregnancy test(s) before starting treatment for acne with oral isotretinoin.

1 month; 1 month

Patients should not get pregnant for ________ before, during, or for ________ after treatment with oral isotretinoin.

birth defects

What is the boxed warning associated with oral isotretinoin?

oral isotretinoin

What acne treatment has a REMS program?

1 month

With the isotretinoin REMS program, you can only get a(n) ________ supply at a time.

chapped lips,

dry eyes,

dry skin,

eye irritation

What are 4 side effects of oral isotretinoin?

progestin-only pill

What form of birth control is not allowed when taking oral isotretinoin?

2

How many forms of birth control are required while taking oral isotretinoin?

Minocin, Solodyn

What are 2 brand names for oral minocycline?

≥12 years

Oral minocycline XR formulations are only approved when treating acne in patients who are ________ old.

fetal harm,

photosensitivity,

teeth discoloration

What are 3 adverse effects of oral minocycline?

herpes simplex labialis

What's another term for cold sores?

HSV-1

What organism typically causes cold sores?

herpes simplex virus

What does HSV stand for?

HSV

________ spreads mostly with active lesions and is transmitted through kissing and sharing drinks.

itching,

soreness,

tingling

What are 3 prodromal symptoms that can precede cold sore eruption?

Abreva

What is the brand name for docosanol?

Zovirax

What is the brand name for acyclovir topical cream/ointment?

Abreva

What is an OTC treatment for cold sores?

Zovirax

What is a prescription treatment for cold sores?

5

Abreva cream should be applied ________ time(s) daily at the first sign of a cold sore outbreak and continued until healed.

5; 4 days

Zovirax cream should be applied ________ time(s) daily for ________.

Nizoral A-D

What is the brand name for OTC ketoconazole 1% shampoo?

Selsun

What is the brand name for OTC selenium sulfide?

Head & Shoulders

What is the brand name for OTC pyrithione zinc?

T/Gel

What is the brand name for OTC coal tar shampoo?

coal tar shampoo,

ketoconazole 1% shampoo,

pyrithione zinc,

selenium sulfide

What are 4 OTC treatment options for dandruff?

ketoconazole 2% shampoo

What's a prescription treatment option for dandruff?

Nizoral

What is the brand name for ketoconazole 2% shampoo?

hypothyroidism

What is a medical condition that can cause hair loss?

chemotherapeutics,

heparin,

tacrolimus,

valproate

What are 4 drugs/classes that can cause alopecia?

vitamin D,

zinc

What 2 deficiencies can contribute to hair loss?

Propecia

What is the brand name for finasteride for alopecia?

1 mg daily

What is the finasteride dosing regimen for alopecia?

≥3 months

It can take ________ to begin to see effects on alopecia with finasteride.

Proscar

What is the brand name for finasteride for BPH?

finasteride

5-alpha reductase type 2 inhibitor approved for BPH; also used for alopecia

pregnancy

What's a contraindication for finasteride?

hazardous drug for females of childbearing potential

What is a warning associated with finasteride?

higher rates of serious infections, malignancy, and thrombosis

What's the boxed warning associated with baricitinib?

Rogaine

What's the brand name for topical minoxidil?

hypertension

Minoxidil tablets are indicated for ________.

bimatoprost

What prescription solution is used for thinning eyelashes (hypotrichosis)?

prostaglandin analogs; glaucoma

Bimatoprost (Latisse) should not be used with ________ used for ________.

night

At what time of day should bimatoprost (Latisse) be applied?

false (only apply to upper lid)

True or False: Bimatoprost (Latisse) should be applied to the skin at the base of the upper and lower eyelashes.

eczema

________ presents as itchy, red, dry skin rashes which become crusty and scaly.

hydration, moisturizers

What 2 non-pharmacologic measures reduce eczema severity?

antihistamine

What drug class may be prescribed for itching associated with eczema?

Aquaphor, Eucerin

What are 2 petrolatum moisturizers that can be used to treat eczema?