bio ch 9
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37 Terms
What is oxidized in cellular respiration?
Glucose
What is reduced in cellular respiration?
Oxygen
What is the cellular respiration equation?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
What is the ΔG of cellular respiration?
Negative (exergonic, releases energy)
What is NADH’s role?
Carries high-energy electrons to ETC
What happens when NADH is oxidized?
Releases electrons to ETC to make ATP
FADH2 vs NADH: What's the difference?
FADH2 carries less energy and produces less ATP
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
What are the inputs of glycolysis?
Glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NAD+
What are the outputs of glycolysis?
2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 4 ATP (net 2 ATP)
What is the key enzyme of glycolysis?
Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
What type of phosphorylation occurs in glycolysis?
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Where does pyruvate oxidation occur?
Mitochondrial matrix
What are the inputs of pyruvate oxidation?
Pyruvate, NAD+
What are the outputs of pyruvate oxidation?
Acetyl-CoA, CO2, NADH
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
Mitochondrial matrix
What are the inputs of the citric acid cycle?
Acetyl-CoA, NAD+, FAD
What are the outputs of the citric acid cycle?
CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP
What is the purpose of the citric acid cycle?
Produce electron carriers (NADH, FADH2)
Where is the electron transport chain located?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
What are the inputs of the ETC?
NADH, FADH2, O2
What are the outputs of the ETC?
H2O and proton (H+) gradient
Who is the final electron acceptor in the ETC?
Oxygen
What happens to electrons in the ETC?
They move through protein complexes releasing energy.
What is created by the ETC?
Proton gradient
What is chemiosmosis?
Movement of H+ through ATP synthase to make ATP
What are the inputs of chemiosmosis?
H+ gradient, ADP
What are the outputs of chemiosmosis?
ATP
Where is ATP synthase located?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
What powers ATP synthase?
Proton (H+) gradient
What does ATP synthase do?
Converts ADP to ATP
What is substrate-level phosphorylation?
Direct ATP formation
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
ATP made using ETC and oxygen
What is the purpose of fermentation?
Regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue
What is the ATP yield of fermentation?
2 ATP
Does fermentation use oxygen?
No
What is the order of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis → Pyruvate Oxidation → Citric Acid Cycle → ETC → Chemiosmosis
