Theme D

What is an opportunity?

A chance to do something.

What is a barrier?

Something that gets in the way.

Give examples of opportunities to participate

Voting, campaigning, volunteering, charity work.

Give examples of barriers to participation

Busy lives, lack of interest, lack of awareness, fear of consequences.

What is direct action?

People try to achieve goals themselves.

What is indirect action?

People influence politicians to act for them.

Give examples of direct action.

Protests, boycotts, demonstrations.

Give examples of indirect action.

Voting, lobbying, petitions, joining pressure groups.

Why might people get involved in participation?

Environment, family influence, ambition, improving communities.

Why do some people not vote?

Lack of interest, not understanding, practical problems, feeling vote doesn’t matter.

How could voter turnout be improved?

Compulsory voting, better education, weekend voting, more candidate meetings.

Advantages of social media campaigning?

Viral reach, interactive, free.

Disadvantages of social media campaigning?

Fake news, hacking, too much content, hard targeting.

Features of a democratic society?

Free elections, rule of law, free speech, many parties.

Give an example of a non-democratic country.

North Korea

Give an example of a democratic country.

Norway

What are public institutions?

Schools, hospitals, courts funded by taxes

What are public services?

Police, fire, ambulance.

What are charities?

Organisations funded privately to help causes.

What is an interest group?

People sharing a common interest.

What is a pressure group?

A group that pressures government to change policies.

Name examples of pressure groups.

Greenpeace, Oxfam, NSPCC.

Why are pressure groups important?

Give people a voice and hold government accountable.

How can citizens improve communities?

Campaigns, protests, lobbying, raising awareness.

Why were trade unions formed?

To fight low pay and poor working conditions.

What do trade unions do today?

Negotiate pay, represent workers, offer support.

Give key trade union rights.

Minimum wage, contracts, health & safety.

What are the two main roles of the media?

Investigate problems and scrutinise government.

What is freedom of expression?

The right to share opinions without punishment.

What is libel?

Writing false statements about someone.

What is slander?

Saying false statements about someone.

Who regulates the BBC?

Royal Charter.

What is public opinion?

Views people hold on issues.

How do politicians measure public opinion?

Surveys and opinion polls.

What was the aim of the EU?

Cooperation on trade, peace, and environment.

When did the UK join the EU?

1973

When did the UK leave the EU?

2016

Give benefits of EU membership.

Free trade, funding, free movement.

Give obligations of EU membership.

Pay contributions, follow EU laws.

What is NATO?

A military alliance formed after WWII.

What is the UN?

An organisation to maintain peace.

What is the Commonwealth?

Countries linked to the former British Empire.

Benefit of UN membership?

Disaster support, human rights protection.

Commitment of NATO membership?

Provide troops if needed.

What are human rights?

Rights everyone has by being human.

What is humanitarian intervention?

A country intervening to stop human rights abuses.

What is the Geneva Convention?

Laws protecting people in war.

What is the International Criminal Court?

Court that tries genocide and war crimes.

What is an NGO?

Non-governmental organisation helping causes.

What do NGOs do?

Disaster aid, disease support, refugee help, human rights work.

What is mediation?

Bringing sides together to solve conflict.

What are sanctions?

Penalties against countries.

When is force used?

As a last resort.