INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

What do sebaceous structures do and where are they located?

The secrete oil and are located in the dermis.

Where are ceruminous glands located and what do they do?

The dermis of the ear canal and produce ear wax.

Where are apocrine sweat glands located and what is a distinctive characteristic they have?

In the dermis armpit and pubic area, the secretions have an odor, and play no role in thermoregulation.

Where are eccrine glands located and what is a distinctive characteristic they have?

In the dermis all over the body, the secretions do not have an odor.

What are the layers of the Epidermis, superficial to most deep?

Stratum corneum, lucidium, granulosum, spinosum, basale

Describe the stratum basale.

Always dividing to produce new cells, consists of keratinocytes and consists of cuboidal basal cells. Most nourished cells.

Describe the stratum spinosum.

Consists of keratinocytes and Langerhans cells.

Describe the stratum lucidum.

Has dead flattened keratinocytes in the soles of feet and palm

Describe the stratum granulosum.

Slightly flattened cells containing granules of keratinocytes

Describe the stratum corneum.

keratin containing cells

Describe keratinocytes.

cells in the epidermis arising from the stratum basale that flatten and die as they move up, provides toughness and water resistance

What are Langerhans cells?

Antigen-presenting cells that are common in the stratum spinosum.

What are Merkel cells?

Receptors that detect pressure and touch are located in the stratum basale.

What are fibroblasts and where are they located?

cells that secrete collagen and fibers to form connective tissue and are located in the dermis

What are adipocytes?

Fat cells in the dermis

What are mast cells?

antigen-presenting cells in the dermis that play a role in the inflammatory response by releasing histamines.

How is a callus formed?

The stratum basale increases mitosis leading to a build-up of dead cells of the stratum corneum due to repeated abrasion

What is an acid mantle?

A mixture of sweat and sebaceous gland secretions combines to form a low pH, antimicrobial agents, and enzymes that help prevent infection.