Reviewer in Practical Research II for Grade 12 – First Quarter

A comprehensive set of practice flashcards covering quantitative research concepts from characteristics and methods to reporting and analysis as presented in the notes.

What are the main characteristics of quantitative research?

Objective; Systematic; Numerical Data; Replicable; Controlled; Cyclical.

What does 'objective' mean in quantitative research?

Focus on measurable facts, not opinions.

What does 'systematic' mean in quantitative research?

Follows a step-by-step process.

What does 'numerical data' imply in quantitative research?

Results are presented in numbers, graphs, and tables.

What does 'replicable' mean in quantitative research?

The study can be repeated to test consistency.

What does 'controlled' mean in quantitative research?

Variables are monitored to reduce bias.

What does 'cyclical' mean in quantitative research?

Starts with a problem and ends with another problem (future research).

Name a strength of quantitative research related to data precision.

Provides numerical and precise data.

Name a strength of quantitative research related to generalization.

Data can be generalized to larger populations.

Name a strength of quantitative research related to analysis.

Statistical tools allow accurate analysis.

Name a strength of quantitative research related to comparison.

Results are easier to compare.

Name a weakness of quantitative research related to samples.

Requires large samples; can be expensive and time-consuming.

Name a weakness of quantitative research related to emotions.

Does not explore deep emotions/experiences.

Name a weakness of quantitative research related to flexibility.

Rigid; cannot adapt easily to new directions.

What is Descriptive quantitative research?

Describes current conditions (e.g., a survey on Grade 12 students’ study habits).

What is Correlational quantitative research?

Looks for relationships between variables (e.g., sleep hours and test scores).

What is Causal-Comparative quantitative research?

Compares two groups without manipulating variables (e.g., stress levels between working and non-working students).

What is Experimental quantitative research?

Manipulates one variable to test cause-and-effect (e.g., testing if a new teaching strategy improves exam scores).

Which fields value quantitative research across disciplines?

Education, Medicine, Business, Science & Technology, Social Sciences.

What is an Independent Variable (IV)?

The variable that is manipulated (e.g., type of fertilizer used).

What is a Dependent Variable (DV)?

The outcome or result measured (e.g., plant growth in cm).

What are Control Variables?

Factors kept constant (e.g., amount of water, type of soil).

What are Extraneous Variables?

Outside factors that may affect the result; should be minimized.

What is a Nominal Variable?

Names or categories (e.g., gender, religion).

What is an Ordinal Variable?

Ranked order (e.g., class rank).

What is an Interval Variable?

Equal spacing, no true zero (e.g., IQ score).

What is a Ratio Variable?

Has a true zero (e.g., weight, age, test scores).

What is a Binary/Dichotomous Variable?

Only two options (e.g., Yes/No, Male/Female).

What is Step 1 in Designing Research in Daily Life?

Identify a problem in daily life.

What is Step 2 in Designing Research in Daily Life?

Formulate a research question.

What is Step 3 in Designing Research in Daily Life?

Identify variables.

What is Step 4 in Designing Research in Daily Life?

Choose research design.

What is Step 5 in Designing Research in Daily Life?

Collect and analyze data.

What should a research title indicate?

Variables and population; be clear, concise, specific, and accurate.

What should be avoided in a research title?

Jargon, humor, and abbreviations.

What should the Background of Research do?

Introduce the problem area and explain why the study is important.

What makes a good Research Question?

Clear, specific, researchable, and measurable; descriptive, comparative, or relational.

What is included in Scope and Delimitation?

Scope: topic, population, area, timeframe; Delimitation: what is excluded/limitations.

What is the purpose of a Statement of the Problem?

Explain what the study wants to solve and align with research questions.

What is a Conceptual Framework?

A visual or written model showing how variables relate; explains the theory behind the study.

What are the Definitions of Terms?

Conceptual: theory meaning; Operational: how the researcher measures it.

What is a Null Hypothesis (Ho)?

There is no relationship/difference between variables.

What is an Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)?

There is a relationship/difference between variables.

What is a Directional vs Non-Directional Hypothesis?

Directional specifies the expected direction of effect; Non-Directional states there is an effect but does not specify direction.

What does RRL stand for and how does Conceptual Framework relate to it?

RRL = Review of Related Literature; Conceptual Framework connects these studies to your research design.

What are steps in writing the Review of Related Literature (RRL)?

Search for related studies; summarize and synthesize; organize into themes or chronological order; relate to your own study showing the research gap.