(2) The Philippine History Timeline

Why study the timeline?

•Today, we will have a quick walk-thru of Philippine History so you will be refreshed on the major segments and events of Philippine History.

•So that you will know in what period the primary document we will study came from.

•So you will have an idea of the context of the primary document.

Chronology of Major Events and Phases

1. Pre-Colonial Times

2. Spanish Colonial Era

3. Philippine Revolution and Fil- Am War

4. American Colonial Period & Commonwealth

5. Japanese Occupation

6. Third Republic

7. Martial Law and EDSA Revolution

8. Post-EDSA Period

Pre-Colonial Times

•Before the coming of the Spaniards

•Cagayan Man, Tabon Man

•Time of the Datus, Barangays, Malayans

Spanish Colonial Era

•Magellan and the Other Conquistadores

•333 years

•1565 to 1898

•Luzon and Visayas became Hispanized

•Mindanao and Sulu remained unconquered

The Philippine Revolution
and Fil-Am War

•Philippine Revolution (Filipinos vs Spain), inspired by Jose Rizal

•1896 – 1898

•Cry of Pugad Lawin to June 12 Declaration of Independence

•Led by Andres Bonifacio, then later by Emilio Aguinaldo

•Fil-Am War (Filipinos vs USA) 1899-1902

•Prominent personalities were Apolinario Mabini, Antonio Luna and Gregorio Del Pilar

American Colonial Period

•48 years

•Benevolent Assimilation led to great Colonial Mentality

•Commonwealth Period – training for independence (1935-1946)

•Prominent personalities: Manuel Quezon and Sergio Osmena

Japanese Occupation

•3 ½ years (1941-1945)

•Japan invaded the Philippines

•Bataan and Corregidor

•Guerillas and Makapilis

•Japanese-sponsored Republic under Jose P. Laurel

•Liberation Period

The Third Republic

•1^st Republic – during the Revolution years (under Aguinaldo)

•2^nd Republic – the Japanese-sponsored Republic

•3^rd Republic – Independence years (1946 onwards)

•“Free Philippines” - US made its exit on July 4, 1946

•Presidents – Roxas, Quirino, Magsaysay, Garcia, Macapagal, Marcos

Martial Law and EDSA Revolution

•Marcos declared Martial Law in 1972

•He abolished the 3^rd Republic and established the 4^th Republic

•Bagong Lipunan

•Dictaorship, human rights abuse, cronyism

•Ninoy Aquino assassination on August 21, 1983 led to the 1986 Snap Presidential Election

•Fraudulent Snap Election led to the EDSA People Power Revolution (Feb 22-25, 1986)

•Cory Aquino became President as Marcos fled the country

Post-EDSA Period

•5^th Republic (1986 to the present)

•Presidents- Corazon Aquino (Cory), Fidel Ramos (FVR), Joseph Estrada (Erap), Gloria Arroyo (GMA), Noynoy Aquino (Pnoy), Rodrigo Duterte (DU30)

•EDSA Dos People Power Revolution in 2001

•Myriad of problems still linger – graft and corruption, poverty, environmental degradation, drugs, human rights abuse, politicking, crimes, insurgency, territorial disputes, OFW woes, etc

The Covid Pandemic

•In January 2020, started to spread around the world.

•February - The first cases in the Philippines were registered

•March – the government ordered a lockdown to contain the virus

The Covid Pandemic

•Thousands of Filipinos got infected

•Many lost their sources of income

•The economy halted

•All aspects of life was affected

•The “New Normal” seems to point to a lifestyle of physical distancing and increased online engagement