Public Speaking Final Exam

Alliteration

A literary technique that involves rhyming only the first letters of words.

Body Language

The process of communicating nonverbally through conscious or unconscious gestures and movements.

Conviction

A firmly held belief or opinion; behaving as though this is the case.

Deceptive

Giving an appearance or impression different from the true one; misleading.

Metaphor

A literary technique comparing one thing to another thing by saying the one thing “is” the other. No like or as.

Persuasion

A means of convincing someone to do or believe something; an argument or inducement.

Pervasive

Spreading widely throughout an area or a group of people.

Rhetoric

The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing.

Rhetorical

Language described to be persuasive.

Simile

A literary technique comparing one thing to another thing by saying one thing is “like” the other. Like or as.

Sophism

A deceptive argument.

Sophistry

The use of fallacious arguments, esp. with the intention of deceiving.

Sophists

A group of Ancient Greek teachers who taught the art of rhetoric.

Annex

To attach to something larger ( including a state)

Anti-Semitic

Hating Jews.

Aryan

A member of a people speaking an Indo-European language who invaded northern India in the second millennium BCE.

Autocracy

A political system in which one person has supreme control.

Civic

Of or relating to a city or town, esp. it’s administration; municipal.

Democracy

A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

Disenfranchised

To deprive someone of the right to vote.

Legislative Assemblies

Groups of people who make decisions about laws.

Monarchy

A form of government with a monarch at the head.

Public servants

A government official.

Republic

A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president,

Scapegoat

A goat sent into the wilderness after the Jewish chief priest had symbolically laid the sins of the people upon it; whipping boy; fall guy.

Active Listening

The act of mindfully hearing and attempting to comprehend the meaning of words spoken by another in a conversation or speech.

Analyze

Examine methodically and in detail the constitution or structure of (something, esp. information), typically for purposes of explanation.

Apprehending

Understanding or perceiving.

Conflates

Combine (two or more texts, ideas, etc) into one.

Denote

Be a sign of; indicate.

Emotive

Expressing a person’s feelings rather than being neutrally or objectively descriptive.

Implications

The conclusions that can be drawn from something, although it is not explicitly stated.

Mindfully

In a careful, deliberate manner.

Appropriate

Suitable or proper in the circumstances.

Deconstruct

Analyze ( a text or linguistic or conceptual system) by taking it apart, typically in order to expose its hidden internal assumptions.

Motivations

The reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way.

Tone

The overall quality of a musical or vocal sound or utterance.

Validate

To check or prove the validity or accuracy of something.

Analysis

Detailed examination of the elements or structure of something, typically as a basis for discussion or interpretation.

Authority

An accepted source of expert information or advice.

Cite

A quote (a passage, book, or author) as evidence for or justification of an argument or statement, esp. in a scholarly work.

Face Value

The superficial appearance of something.

Implications

The conclusion that can be drawn from something, although it is not explicitly stated.

Irrelevant

Not connected with or relevant to something.

Research

The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.

Speed-Read

The practice of reading at speeds significantly faster than normal.

Systematic

Done or acting according to a fixed plan or system; methodical.

Accuracy

Free from mistakes or errors.

Currency

The timeliness of materials used.

Definition

A statement expressing the essential nature of something.

Description

A statement expressing the essential nature of something.

Illustration

A story that provides an example or instance that helps make something clear.

Periodicals

A publication with fixed intervals between issues, such as a newspaper or magazine.

Primary Source

Material that is presented by a person or people that were directly present or involved.

Scholarly Source

A source that is written by academic or other professional with advanced degrees, indicating expertise in his or her field or study.

Secondary Source

A document or recording that discusses information originally presented elsewhere.

Statistics

Numerical data that summarizes facts.

Testimony

A quite or paraphrase from trusted sources that are used to support a point.

Ad Hominem Fallacy

An attack on the person rather than the argument they’re making.

Ad Populum Fallacy

An argument that purports itself to be true because the majority of people believe it to be true.

Biased Language

Words that are prejudiced, offensive, or hurtful.

Diversity

A composition of many different elements representing more than one nation, skin color, religion, socioeconomic status, gender or sexual orientation.

Ethics

The beliefs, values, and moral principles that people use to determine right from wrong.

Fallacious Reasoning

Reasoning that contains an error in logic in the arguments form.

False Inferences

To draw a false or incorrect conclusion from the facts you’ve presented.

Half-Truth

A statement that is only partially true.

Hasty Generalization

When you make a broad, sweeping conclusion based on only a small bit of information.

Jargon

Words or phrases that are used by specific groups and hard for others to understand.

Mosaic Plagiarism

When you take ideas from multiple sources and don’t use quotations or citations to give credit to the original author for the work, letting people think they’re your own ideas.

Paraphrasing

Restating a text or passage in your own words, so it is slightly different than it was in its original form.

Plagiarism

Using ideas or words from someone else as your own or to use someone else’s work without crediting the source.

Post-Hoc Fallacy

The assumption that when one event follows another, the second event is caused by that previous event,

Sound Reasoning

When all of the inferences that are used to make a conclusion are correct.

Conclusion

The last part of a speech that sums up the points and signals the end of the presentation.

Credibility

Being convincing or the quality of being trusted or believed in.

Introduction

The opening part of the speech that should get the audience’s interest, define the topic and relevance, establish your credibility as a speaker on the topic, and preview the points that will be made.

Outline

A document that succinctly contains all of the main points you wish to make your speech, in a specific order.

Preparation Outline

A document that is put together as a a speech is being prepared that includes the introduction, main points and supporting evidence, and conclusion, all arranged in the appropriate order.

Signposts

Brief statements that let the listener know where you are in your speech or to draw emphasis to important ideas.

Speaking Outline

The document you use when giving your speech that helps you remember what you plan to say.

Thesis Statement

Summary of the main points of your speech.

Transition

A word or phrase you use after you’ve completed making one point that help your argument flow smoothly.

Working Outline

The early and first draft of a preparation outline.