Module 6 Chemistry of phenol

what type of acid is phenol

weak acid

what happens to phenol when dissolved in water

will partially dissociate making it a weak acid. more acidic than alcohols but less acidic than carboxylic acids

why is phenol less soluble in water than most alcohols

OH group is polar and can undergo hydrogen bonding with water but benzene ring is non polar

what does this show

phenol is a weak acid

what does this show

neutralisation of NaOH, produces sodium phenoxidesalt

what is the electron density like in bromination of phenol

high electron density in benzene ring to polarise bromine molecule

what is not needed in bromination of phenol

without halogen carrier

what does bromination of phenol form

2,4,6-tribromophenol

what is this

bromination of phenol

what temp does nitration of phenol happen

room temp

what is nitration of phenol without

without H2SO4 present

what products are formed in nitration of phenol

2-nitrophenol or 4-nitrophenol

what is this

nitration of phenol

what happens in electrophilic substitution of phenol

lone pair on oxygen overlaps with delocalised ring and merge and distort the shape (donation into the pi system)

what will the lone pair on oxygen overlapping with delocalised ring and merging and distorting the shape (donation into the pi system) causing in the electrophilic substitution of phenol

increase electron density, increase reactivity of aromatic ring

what is not needed in electrophilic substitution of phenol

catalyst not usually needed

what conditions does electrophilic substitution of phenol happen under

under milder conditions than benzene

what is more common in electrophilic substitution of phenol

multi substitutions are more common

what happens if nitration of phenol happens with concentrated nitric acid

multi substitution occurs and produces 2,4,6-trinitrophenol

what is this

nitration of phenol

what is this

nitration of phenol with concentrated nitric acid