Scientific thinking

Positive contribution of structuralism

attempted to systematic observation

Negative contribution of structuralism

disagreement among introspectionists and imageless thought

Functionalism

Focused on the functions and adaptive purposes of psychological characteristics, such as thoughts, feelings, and behaviours

Positive of functionalism

that psychological functions can adapt

Negative in functionalism

failed to consider that societal changes and conflicts

Behaviourism

—The scientific study of observable behaviour

Positive to behaviourism

clarifies learning principles and brought a focus of observable and verifiable subject matter

Negative of behaviourism

was taken to far by suggesting everything is learned

Cognitivism

—Understanding thinking is central to understanding behaviour

•Response to behaviourist ideas

positive of cognitivism

advanced our knowledge of internal processes

negative of cognitivism

oversimplifies behaviour and neglects areas such as emotion, social and motivational factors.

psychoanalysis

—Focuses on internal psychological processes of which we are unaware

positives of psychoanalysis

focus on uncoinsious drivers

negative to psychoanalysis

the unconscious drivers are not the same as scientifically demonstrated non-conscious determinants of behavior

structuralism

aimed to identify the basic elements of the psychological experience