INTRO TO FINE ARTS 2313 EXAM 1

In visual arts and architecture, _________ refers to the arrangement of line, form, mass, and color.

composition

________ refers to the representation of distance and three-dimensionally on a two-dimensional surface.

Perspective

________ is a system of writing music so the composer can communicate clearly to the performer the pitches, rhythms, and other elements of the piece.

Musical Notation

In theatre, film, and narrative literature,_______ is the structure of the artwork comprising crisis, climax, exposition, complication and denouement, foreshadowing, discovery, and reversals.

Plot

A _________ is a form, image, or subject standing for something else.

symbol

________ is a descriptive analysis of a work of art that may or may not include a value judgment about the work.

criticism

________ consists of paintings, drawings, prints, and photographs

Two Dimensional art

_________ are the physical materials of the works, such as oil paint.

Media

The elements and principals of________ are the building blocks of two dimensional artwork.

composition

_______ refers to the basic colors of the spectrum, such as red.

Hue

_______ refers to the relative grayness or whiteness of a color.

Value

________ refers to the number of hues and values used by an artist in a work.

Saturation

The receding lines of linear perspective that converge on a vanishing point are called _____ lines.

Orthogonal

____ refers to the illusion that shapes and forms diminish in size as they recede into deep space.

Foreshadowing

______ refers to the condition of identical shapes and colors appearing on either side of an artwork's axis.

symmetry

_______ refers to balance achieved by using unequal shapes.

asymmetry

_______ refers to the size, shape, and volume of forms.

mass

_____ sculpture is freestanding and fully three-dimensional.

in the round

______ sculpture projects from a background and cannot be seen from all sides.

relief

_____ sculpture emphasizes construction with thin, tubular items such as wire.

linear

_____ refers to the surface treatment of a sculpture.

texture

_____ refers to relief sculpture in which the figures protrude from the background by at least half their depth.

high relief

_____ refers to relief sculpture that projects only slightly from its background

low relief

_____ is a method of casting sculpture using a wax model melted to leave the desired spaces in the mold.

lost-wax

One of the oldest architectural structures is the __________, in which a horizontal piece is laid across two vertical supports.

post and lintel

______ refer to arches joined end-to-end.

vaults

______ uses a framework to support the building.

skeleton frame

Skeleton framing using wood (as in house construction) is called __________ construction.

balloon

_____ refers to wall material that is solid and continuous, rather than joined or pieced together.

monolithic

When metal forms the frame of a building (as in a skyscraper), it is called __________ construction.

steel-cage

_______ refers to the first stage of human culture, marked by simple social organization, the discovery of fire, and basic techniques for hunting and gathering.

Paleolithic

________ is a word meaning "all the gods."

Pantheon

______ is the Sumerian writing system, consisting of wedge marks pressed into damp clay.

Cuneiform

______ refers to an Egyptian burial tomb of great size and scale.

Pyramid

The first stage of human culture dates to before ______ years B.C.E.

one million

_______ refers to the second stage in human culture.

Neolithic

Domestication of animals began during the ______ period.

New Stone Age

_____ refers to the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

Mesopotamia

______ was the first civilization to emerge in the Fertile Crescent.

Sumer

The capital of the ruler Hammurabi was _______.

Babylon

Two of the main cities of the Babylonian empire were Nimrud and ______.

Nimrod and Nineveh

The _____ appeared as a transportation device in Sumer around 3000 B.C.E.

wheel

The ____ were first to use a potter's wheel.

Sumerians

The ____ king was a direct link between the royal family line and the creator sun god.

Son of Ra

The most important part of Egyptian architecture is _____ buildings.

Mortuary buildings

Egyptians believed that life continued for the dead as long as the corpse, or some _____ of it, survived.

material image

Among other things, writing served as a tool of ______.

control and power

The ______ of Hammurabi was based on the notion of "an eye for an eye."

code

Hammurabi's authority and law was believed to come from the ______.

gods

The cave paintings at Lascaux date from around ______ B.C.E.

16,000-14,000

_____ art refers to the art made for the rituals of death.

Funerary

_______ was the major art form of the Egyptians.

Sculpture

Egyptian sculpture typically represents __________.

kings

The Egyptian royal headdress seen in the funerary mask of Tutankhamun is called a(n)_______.

Nemes

The basic instrument in Mesopotamia and in Egypt was the ______.

harp

The oldest known story in the world is the epic of ______.

Gilgamesh

The Egyptian __________ contains magic formulas placed in tombs to serve and protect the dead in the afterlife.

The Book of The Dead

Most of our knowledge of Egyptian painting comes from the tombs of __________.

Thebes

________ sprang up around Sumer to house the sacrifices thought necessary to ensure good harvests.

Temples

Around __________ years ago, humankind began to develop notions of selfhood and individuality.

50,000

_______ refers to the basic Greek city-state.

Polis

_______ means the "high city," and referred to the elevated place in the center of the city occupied by the temples of the gods.

Acropolis

________ is a style of vase painting that made use of bold, simple, linear designs.

Geometric

In three-dimension art, the __________ style consisted of figures that exhibit a stiff, frontal pose.

archaic

_________ refers to a freestanding sculpture of a nude male youth.

Kouros

_________ refers to a sculpture of a fully clothed female.

Kore

_________ refers to the arrangement of body parts in sculpture so that the weight-bearing leg is apart from the free leg, thereby shifting the hip/shoulder axis.

contraposto

The __________ order refers to a style of architecture employing columns capped by heavy lintels and a pedimented roof.

Doric

The Minoan civilization was centered on the city of __________.

Knossos, Crete

Minoan __________ has yet to be fully deciphered.

writing

Minoan __________ had running water and elaborate drainage systems.

palaces

The "Palace of __________" had so many rooms that Greek myth called it the "labyrinth of the Minotaur."

Minos

Minoan civilization was centered on __________.

trade

The __________ supplanted the Minoans as rulers of Crete.

Mycenaeans

The Mycenaean military was the basis of Homer's __________.

Illiad

The stones used to construct Mycenaean fortresses were so large that the later Greeks called them __________.

cyclopean

An example of Mycenaean architecture is the __________ Gate at the Palace of Mycenae.

lions

The four centuries between the Mycenaean and Greek civilization are called the Greek __________.

middle ages "dark ages"

The Hellene calendar began on the date of the first __________.

Olympic games

The Greek Archaic period lasted from __________ B.C.E.

800-400

The word __________ means "love of wisdom."

philosophy

_________ was an important school of pre-Socratic philosophy.

Pathagoreanism

Horizontal bands used in organizing a design are called __________.

registers

Athenian pottery can be divided into two types: black-figure and __________.

red-figure

The __________ column on Greek temples probably originated in Egypt two thousand years earlier.

Fluted

A band of relief elements below the cornice of a Greek temple is called the __________.

Frieze

________ is a type of government run by the few, especially by a small faction of persons or families.

Oligarchy

_______ is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty and art and their relation to human beings.

Aesthetics

_________ is a style of art relying on the fundamentals of simplicity, clarity of structure, and appeal to the intellect.

Classicalism

The __________ order is characterized by columns with scroll-like capitals and circular bases.

Ionic

The __________ order is characterized by columns employing an elaborate leaf motif in the capital.

corinthian

________ style is an approach to art characterized by individuality, virtuosity, and emotion.

Hellenistic

The Persian War effectively ended after the Greek victory at __________.

marathon

The Greek ship used at the battle of Salamis is called a __________.

Triremes

The best soldiers in Greece came from __________.

Sparta

________ achieved dominance in intellectual and aesthetic Greek life.

Athens

_________ carried Athenian culture further than ever before.

Alexander

The age after Alexander's death is called __________.

Hellenistic world

_________ was the first to view history as a specialized discipline.

Herodotus

Herodotus believed the loss of the Persians was a result of their __________.

morals