Chapter 12

diversity

a wide variation in racial, ethnic, and gender makeup of a police department; also of a community within society

representative bureaucracy

a perspective suggestive that diversity within the public workforce, especially in terms of characteristics such as race and ethnicity, will help ensure that the interests of diverse groups are represented in policy formulation

testimonial evidence

proof based on the opinions of others

empirical evidence

proof based on the systematic study of data

double marginality

the situation in which minority police officers are not fully accepted by wither the police or members of their own racial or ethnic group

affirmative action plan

an attempt to remedy past discriminatory employment and promotional practices

civil service system

a selection method for filling government jobs typically based on a written exam, oral interview, and physical, medical, and personal requirements; designed to be objectively fair and eliminate political

sexual harassment

unwelcome sexual advances that unreasonably interfere with a peron’s work or create a hostile work environment

police culture

the informal but important relationship among police officers and the values they share

de-feminization

the process whereby women who do not conform to sex-role stereotypes and are tough enough to gain respect as officers may be labeled “bitches” or “lesbians” in an attempt to neutralize their threat to male dominance

policewomen

female officers who tend to emphasize the traditional police culture, especially its law enforcement aspects

policewomen

female officers who attempt to maintain a feminine manner while performing police duties

structural characteristics

the features that police departments emphasize or do not emphasize, which may be discriminatory, especially against women

quid pro quo harassment

a situation requiring the employee to choose between the job and meeting a supervisor’s sexual demands