PLANNING LECTURE 2

Ecology

Refers to respecting the natural ecosystem.

Landscape Architecture

Is the design of outdoor areas, landmarks, and structures to achieve environmental, social behavioral, or aesthetic outcomes.

Multi-Disciplinary Field

Incorporates different fields such as Botany, Horticulture, and Civil Engineering.

Civil Engineering

Included because it involves the tree point system and road networks.

Industrial Design

Included in landscape architecture because it designs street furniture such as light posts and benches.

Soil Science

Included because we need to know the type of soil on the developing area.

Environmental Psychology

Refers to how it affects users towards the environment, or how it affects the environment in general.

Frederick Law Olmsted

Considered to be the Father of Landscape Architecture.

Central Park

Designed by Frederick Law Olmsted along with Calvert Vaux in NYC.

Urban Design

Primarily concerned with the physical and aesthetic aspects of the urban environment.

Urban Planning

A broader field that encompasses the social, economic, and physical aspects of urban areas.

Scale of Urban Design

Operates at a smaller scale, addressing the detailed design of streetscapes, plazas, parks, and individual buildings.

Scale of Urban Planning

Operates at a larger scale, considering entire neighborhoods, districts, or cities.

Example of Urban Design

Barcelona thought of an urban space to become dynamic spaces with diverse uses.

Example of Urban Planning

An example can be seen in the Mall of Asia (MOA), which reflects principles similar to the Laws of the Indies.

Cheonggyecheon River

A well-known renewal project in Seoul that transformed the site into a major tourist attraction.

User Comfortability

Refers to how landscape architecture changes the perception and behavior of users.

Environmental Quality

The main concept of landscape design is to enhance environmental quality and spatial experience.

Traffic Management

Implemented to manage vehicular traffic and ensure appropriate materials are used for the site.

Influence of Proximity

Proximity to the plaza signified greater influence in urban planning.

Comparison of Streets

Makati has a lot of trees providing natural shade, while Recto Ave. has little to no landscaping.

Fruit Trees

Normally harvested; if not, fruits may fall and cause injury or dirty the streets.

Urban Spaces

Designed as accessible public spaces, encouraging social interaction and community life.

Ambiance in Malls

Ayala Bay Malls prioritize landscaping and ambiance compared to SM malls.

Target Markets of Malls

Ayala Bay Malls target mid to high-end consumers while SM malls target all classes.

Behavioral Response

Going to a dark area makes users feel scared and hold on tight to their belongings.

Parking

Designated areas for the storage of vehicles.

Site Drainage

The planning and implementation of systems to manage the flow of water on a site.

Excavation

The process of removing earth or soil from a site to create depressions, foundations, or other required features.

Grading

The alteration or leveling of the ground surface to achieve a specific slope or contour.

Slope

The incline or gradient of the land surface.

Site Furnishing

The inclusion of elements such as benches, tables, lighting, and other amenities to enhance the usability and comfort of outdoor spaces.

Landscape

The overall design and arrangement of outdoor spaces, including natural and built elements.

Planting

The introduction of vegetation, such as trees, shrubs, and flowers, into the landscape.

Steps

Constructed structures designed to facilitate vertical movement on sloped terrain.

Lawn

An area covered with cultivated grass, often used for recreational or aesthetic purposes.

Seeding Area

A designated space for planting seeds or establishing vegetation.

Unity

The effective use of components in a design to express a main idea through consistent style.

Proportion

The size of parts of the design in relation to each other and to the design as a whole.

Balance

Refers to the equilibrium of visual attraction.

Transition

Can be obtained by the arrangement of objects with varying textures, forms, or sizes.

Rhythm

A patterned repetition of a design principle at regular or irregular intervals.

Repetition

The placement of the same or similar form, texture, or color over and over again.

Focalization

The leading of visual observation toward a feature by placement of this feature at the vanishing point.

Simplicity

The principle of keeping the design clear, straightforward, and uncomplicated.

Softscape

Comprises the animate (living), horticultural elements of landscape design.

Shrubs

Small to medium-sized woody plants with multiple stems and a relatively low height compared to trees.

Flowering Plants

Also known as angiosperms, are a diverse group of plants that produce flowers as part of their reproductive structures.

Fern

A group of non-flowering vascular plants that reproduce via spores.

Trees

Perennial woody plants typically characterized by a single main stem or trunk, supporting branches and leaves.

Deciduous

Refers to plants that shed their leaves seasonally, usually in the fall or autumn.

Hard Landscape

The construction materials used to improve a landscape by design.

Hardscape Elements

Inanimate elements of landscaping, especially masonry work or woodwork.

Narra

A type of tree that may barely have leaves around December or January.

Conifers

A group of trees and shrubs that bear cones and have needle-like leaves.

Palms

Trees characterized by large, compound leaves (fronds) and an unbranched stem.

Stone Walls

Constructed barriers made of natural stones, serving various purposes in landscape design.

Retaining Walls

Structures designed to hold back soil or other materials to prevent erosion.

Wooden Decks

Elevated platforms constructed from wood providing outdoor living spaces.

Gazebo

A freestanding, open-sided structure often placed in a garden or park.

Trellis

A framework of light wooden or metal bars used as a support for climbing plants.

Pergola

An outdoor structure with an open framework, often covered with climbing plants.

Arbor

A simple, often arched structure providing a framework for plants.

Paved Walkways

Designed surfaces creating defined routes for pedestrian movement.

Bollards

Short, sturdy vertical posts used to control or direct traffic.

Sculptures

Three-dimensional art pieces integrated into landscape designs.

Benchmark

A permanent point of known and recorded elevation.

Building Footprint

The outline of a horizontal section of the building, usually at the ground plane.

Building Site

The property on which a building is constructed.

Contour

A line on a map connecting points of the same elevation.

Contour Interval

The difference in height of adjacent contour lines on a map.

Datum

The reference level to which point elevations or contours are related.

Easement

A legal claim on some rights regarding a piece of property.

Geotechnical Consultant

A professional with expertise in soils engineering and geology.

Geotechnical Survey

Investigation of a site relating to soil materials and potential problems.

Invisible Site

The portion of a site that is below the surface, containing foundations and service piping.

Plot

A piece of land defined by established boundaries.

Site

A specific point or small region on the surface of the earth.

Siting a Building

Locating a building on its construction site.

Spot Elevation

Height of a point on the ground surface with respect to a datum plane.

Accessibility

Ability to be used, entered, and reached, including by those with physical limitations.

Buffer

Method of separating incompatible uses, such as opaque fencing or dense landscaping.

District

A division of an area for administrative purposes.

Effluent

Wastewater that has completed its passage through a treatment process.

Groundwater

Water under the surface of the earth in the geologic structure.

Infrastructure

The basic facilities and services for the functioning of a community.

Land Use

The way land is developed and used in terms of anthropogenic activities.

Amenity

Any feature that makes a property more attractive or valuable.

Aquifer

A geological formation capable of yielding a significant amount of water.

Location Analysis

The study of factors affecting business location decisions.