Study for teh last bit

FDR / Fireside Chats - The 32nd President and his series of informal radio addresses used to explain policy, restore public confidence, and bypass traditional media

Hundred Days - The initial period of FDR's presidency during which a record-breaking amount of legislation was passed to address the immediate crisis of the Great Depression

Glass-Steagall / FDIC - Legislation that separated commercial and investment banking and created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to protect individual bank deposits

Gold Standard - A monetary system that FDR abandoned to allow for a flexible currency and inflation, which helped debtors and allowed the government to inject more money into the economy

NIRA / NRA - The National Industrial Recovery Act and its administration, which sought to stabilize the economy by establishing codes of fair competition and labor standards

FERA - The Federal Emergency Relief Administration, which provided direct federal grants to states for immediate relief for the unemployed and needy

CCC / PWA - The Civilian Conservation Corps (environmental labor for young men) and the Public Works Administration (large-scale public construction projects like bridges and dams)

TVA / AAA - The Tennessee Valley Authority (regional economic development and electricity) and the Agricultural Adjustment Act (paid farmers to reduce production to raise crop prices)

Dust Bowl - A period of severe drought and dust storms in the 1930s that devastated Great Plains agriculture and led to the mass migration of "Okies" to California

FHA - The Federal Housing Administration, which insured long-term mortgages to stimulate the construction industry and make homeownership more accessible

21st Amendment -

The constitutional amendment that repealed the 18th Amendment, officially ending the national prohibition of alcohol

SEC -

The Securities and Exchange Commission, created to regulate the stock market and prevent the speculative practices that led to the 1929 crash

Schechter Poultry vUS -

A Supreme Court case that struck down the NIRA, ruling that the federal government had exceeded its power to regulate interstate commerce

Bonus Army -

A group of World War I veterans who marched on Washington DC, in 1932 to demand early payment of their promised service bonuses, only to be forcibly removed

C

Associational Action -

Herbert Hoover’s philosophy that the economic crisis should be solved through voluntary cooperation between business, labor, and government rather than federal mandates

RFC -

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation, a Hoover-era agency that provided emergency loans to banks, railroads, and insurance companies to prevent bankruptcy

Reciprocal Trade Agreement -

A 1934 act that allowed the President to negotiate lower tariffs with individual nations to stimulate international trade

Herbert Hoover -

The 31st President whose reliance on limited government intervention and "rugged individualism" during the early Depression led to widespread public dissatisfaction

Second New Deal -

A second wave of legislation starting in 1935 that focused more on social reform, labor rights, and long-term economic security than immediate relief

CIO / Sit-down Strike -

The Congress of Industrial Organizations (a union for all workers in an industry) and a tactic where workers stayed inside a factory to prevent production and the use of strikebreakers

Huey Long / Share Wealth -

A Louisiana Senator and his radical "Share Our Wealth" proposal to redistribute wealth by capping personal fortunes and providing every family a guaranteed income

Francis Townsend -

A critic of the New Deal who proposed a monthly pension plan for the elderly, which helped build political momentum for the creation of Social Security

REA / WPA -

The Rural Electrification Administration (bringing power to farming areas) and the Works Progress Administration (a massive agency that employed millions for public works and the arts)

Wagner Act -

Also known as the National Labor Relations Act, it guaranteed the right of unions to organize and created a board to investigate unfair labor practices

Social Security -

A 1935 act that established a federal safety net, including old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid for the disabled and dependent children

Liberalism -

In the context of the 1930s, a political philosophy advocating for an active federal government to manage the economy and provide for social welfare

Court Packing Plan -

FDR's unsuccessful proposal to add up to six new justices to the Supreme Court to ensure his New Deal programs would not be ruled unconstitutional

Fair Labor Standards Act -

A 1938 law that established a federal minimum wage, a maximum work week, and banned child labor in many sectors

Keynesian Economics -

An economic theory advocating for increased government expenditures and lower taxes to stimulate demand and pull the economy out of depression.

Indian New Deal -

A series of policies initiated by the FDR administration in the 1930s aimed at improving the living standards and self-governance of Native American tribes, promoting economic relief and cultural revitalization.

Federal Housing Policy -

A set of laws and regulations aimed at providing affordable housing, ensuring fair housing practices, and improving housing conditions across the United States.

Popular Front -

Scottsboro Case -

A landmark legal case where nine Black teenagers were falsely accused of rape, highlighting systemic racial injustice and the lack of due process in the South

HUAC / Smith Act -

The House Un-American Activities Committee (to investigate "disloyal" activities) and the law that made it a crime to advocate the violent overthrow of the U

S

government