NUERO PSYCH: M1 - INTRO TO NEURO PSYCH

neurobiology

neurobiology

- the study of cells of the nervous system and the organization of these cells into functional circuits that process information and mediate behavior.
- It is a sub-discipline of both biology and neuroscience.

physiological

IDENTIFY WHICH OF THE 4 biological explanations of behavior
ex: the chemical reactions that enable hormones to influence brain activity and the pathways by which brain activity controls muscle contraction

wilder penfield

He was able to develop a map of the cerebral cortex through studying epileptic patients along with Rassmussen.

cognitive neuropsychologist

uses brain research, such as scans of brain anatomy or activity, to analyze and explore people's knowledge, tinking, and problem solving

neuropsychologist

conducts behavioral tests to determine the abilities and disabilities of people wit various kinds of brain damage, and changes in their condition over time.

school psychologist

Most are employed by a school system. Identifies educational needs of schoolchildren, devises a plan to meet the needs, and then helps teachers implement it.

behavioral neuroscience

is the application of the principles of biology to the study of genetic, physiological, and developmental mechanisms of behavior in humans and non-human animals.

physiological

relates a behavior to the activity of the brain and other organs; it deals with the machinery of the body

evolutionary

reconstructs the evolutionary history of a structure of behavior

functional

- describes why a structure of behavior evolved as it did.
- within a small, isolated population a gene can spread by accident through a process called "genetic drift"

functional

IDENTIFY WHICH OF THE 4 biological explanations of behavior
ex: a dominant male with many offspring spreads all his genes, including neutral and harmful ones. However, a gene that is prevalent in a large population presumably has advantage.

william james

The Principles of Psychology by?

claude bernard, charles bell, william harvey

The influential work of _______, ________, and _________ helped to convince the scientific community that reliable data could be obtained from living subjects.

dualism

is the belief that mind and body are different kinds of substances (thought substance and physical substance) that exist independently but somehow interact.

knight dunlap

The term "psychobiology" was first used in its modern sense by _________ in his book An Outline of Psychobiology (1914).

neuroscientist

studies anatomy, biochemistry, or physiology of the nervous system.

behavioral neuroscientists

investigates how the functioning of the brain and other organs influences behavior.

neurochemist

Investigates the chemical reactions in the brain.

comparative psychologist

Compares the behaviors of different species and tries to relate them to their ways of life.

evolutionary psychologist

Relates behaviors, especially social behaviors, including those of humans, to the functions they have served and, therefore, the presumed selective pressures that caused them to evolve.

counseling psychologist

Employed by hospital, clinic, private practice, or college. Helps people make educational, vocational, and other decisions.

psychiatrist

Helps people with emotional distress or troublesome behaviors, sometimes using drugs or other medical procedures.

social worker

Helps people deal with personal and family problems.

biological psychology

study of the physiological, evolutionary, and developmental mechanisms of behavior and experience.

physiological psychology

- May be considered as a branch of Biological Psychology; it is concerned with relationship between brain functioning and behavior.

- Its basic approach is cognitive, as it deals with brain or mental process; and reductionist, as it attempts to reduce human behavior to its possible basic biological explanations.

neurobiological approach

approach in psychology refers to study of the effect of chemicals and electrical impulses in the brain on human behavior.

neurosciences

the scientific study of the nervous system. It is the branch of biology that deals with the anatomy, biochemistry, molecular biology, and physiology of neurons and neural circuits.

physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, functional

ENUMERATE the 4 biological explanations of behavior

ontogenetic

describes how a structure or behavior develops including the influences of genes, nutrition, experiences, and their interactions

ontogenetic

IDENTIFY WHICH OF THE 4 biological explanations of behavior
ex: the ability to inhibit impulses develops gradually from infancy through teenage years, reflecting gradual maturation of the frontal parts of the brain

evolutionary

IDENTIFY WHICH OF THE 4 biological explanations of behavior
ex: Frightened people get goose bumps (erection of the hairs especially on their arms and shoulders). Goose bumps are useless to humans because we normally do not have hairs on arms and shoulders or they are short; but in most other mammals, hair erection makes a frightened animal look larger and intimidating

18th and 19th

Behavioral neuroscience as a scientific discipline emerged from a variety of scientific and philosophical traditions in the ____ and ____ centuries.

rene decartes

In philosophy, people like __________ (WHO) proposed physical models to explain animal as well as human behavior.

monism

is the belief that the universe consists of only one kind of existence.

plato, aristotle

_____ believed that the brain was where all mental thought and processes happened. In contrast, _________ believed the brain served the purpose of cooling down the emotions derived from the heart.

william james

The Principles of Psychology by __________ (1890), argues that the scientific study of psychology must be based on an understanding of biology.

psychophysiologist

measures heart rate, breathing rate, brain waves, and other body processes and how they vary from one person to another.

clinical psychologist

Employed by hospital, clinic, private practice, or college; helps people with emotional problems.

neurologist

Treats people with brain damage or diseases of the brain.

neurosurgeon

Performs brain surgery.

physical therapist

Provides exercise and other treatments to help people with muscle or nerve problems, pain, or anything else that impairs movement.

occupational therapist

Helps people improve their ability to perform functions of daily life, for example, after a stroke.