Health Chapter 8

vitamins

 Organic nutrients that promote growth and development, help regulate body processes, maintain healthy skin, and help the body release energy

protein

Nutrient the body uses to build and maintain cells and tissues and provide energy; may also act as hormones or enzymes.

fats

Nutrients that provide a valuable source of energy for muscles and help in the absorption and transport of vitamins and nutrients.

carbohydrates

Nutrients that are the major source of energy for the body; can be found in fruits, vegetables, grains, and dairy products.

minerals

Inorganic nutrients absorbed from plants, water, and animal food sources.

undernutrition

Form of malnutrition caused by the body not receiving or absorbing needed nutrients.

overnutrition

Form of malnutrition caused by consuming too many of some nutrients.

malnutrition

Form of poor nutrition in which a person does not get or properly absorb the recommended amounts of essential nutrients.

food allergy

Condition in which the body's immune system reacts to a food as if the food is harmful.

food intolerances

Conditions in which a person's body cannot properly digest particular types of food.

food preferences

Opinions about different types of food.

food additives

Substances added to food products to cause desired changes to flavor, shelf life, or other reasons.

foodborne intoxication

Foodborne illness caused by toxins, which are produced by organisms present in a food.

foodborne illnesses

Illnesses that are transmitted by food.

foodborne infection

Foodborne illness that occurs when food is handled or prepared improperly.

body composition

Ratio of the various components-fat, bone, and muscle-that make up the body.

body mass index (BMI)

Tool used to determine whether a person's weight is healthy for that person's height.

 body-fat distribution

Locations of fat deposits on a person's body.

metabolism

Rate at which the body uses energy to carry out basic physiological processes.

diuretics

Substances that help the body eliminate sodium and water, mostly through increased urination.