Developments in East Asia, Dar-Al-Islam, South Asia, Southeast Asia, the Americas, Africa, and Europe from 1200-1450

Flashcards about East Asia, Dar-Al-Islam, South Asia, Southeast Asia, the Americas, Africa, and Europe from 1200-1450.

What philosophical system did the Song Dynasty revive to maintain and justify its power?

Confucianism

What is Filial Piety?

Honoring one’s ancestors and parents

What is Neo-Confucianism?

A new form of Confucianism in the Tang Dynasty that was blended with Buddhist and Daoist philosophical ideas

What practices restricted women's rights in Song China?

Restricted legal rights, inability to own property or remarry, and foot binding.

What is Imperial Bureaucracy?

Governmental entity that carries out the will of the emperor. During the Song dynasty, imperial bureaucracy increased.

What was the civil service examination based on in China?

Confucian classics.

How did Korea relate to China during this period?

Korea maintained a tributary relationship with China.

Which culture was foot binding not adopted?

Korea and Vietnam

What cultural traits did the Japanese adopt from China?

Imperial bureaucracy, Chinese Buddhism, and writing but all voluntarily

How did Buddhism originate?

originated in South Asia and spread to China during the Han dynasty.

What does commercialization of the economy mean?

China produced more goods than needed and sold the excess goods on the world market.

What agricultural innovation led to a population explosion in China?

Champa rice.

What transportation innovations facilitated trade in Song China?

Expanded the Grand Canal, the magnetic compass, and new ship building junks or stern mounted rudders

What are the three major religions around 1200?

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

What is Dar-Al-Islam?

House of Islam; After Muhammad died Islam religion spread creating Dar-Al-Islam.

What factors contributed to the rapid prosperity of Islamic states?

Belief in trading.

What are the Turkic Muslim empires?

Seljuk empire, Mamluk Sultanate, and Delhi Sultanate

What is Sharia Law?

Code of laws established in the Quran

How did Islam spread?

Military, Merchant activity/trade, and Muslim missionaries/ Sufism

What is the House of Wisdom?

Established in Baghdad during the golden age of Islam, massive library where scholars went to study religion, science, responsible for preserving the works of Greek moral natural philosophy and translated to Arabic then to Europe and became the basis of the renaissance.

What are the three main belief systems in South and Southeast Asia in the 1200s?

Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism.

What is the Hindu Caste system?

Five-tiered system with the most virtuous people on the top and refuse of society on the bottom, couldn’t move up but maybe in another lifetime people could if they are good.

What are the differences between Hinduism and Buddhism?

Buddhism rejected the caste system and emphasized equality for all people, Hinduism is an ethnic religion, and Buddhism is a universalizing religion.

What is the Bhakti movement?

A form of Hinduism that encouraged believers to worship one god in the Hindu pantheon of gods, rejected the hierarchy of Hinduism, encouraged spiritual experiences to all people regardless of social status.

What is Sufism?

A more mystical, spiritual experience-based version of Islam

Which empire, established by Hindu emissaries, served as a rival to the Delhi Sultanate in the South?

Vijayanagar empire

How did the Srivijaya empire gain its wealth?

By taxing ships that pass through the Strait of Malacca.

What is Angkor Wat?

A Hindu temple that became a Buddhist temple

What was the structure of the Maya state building?

Decentralized collection of city states that were frequently at war with one another. Fought to create a network of tributary states among their neighboring regions. Emphasizing human sacrifice

What were the Mexica?

The ethnic group that established the Aztec empire.

How did the Aztec empire secure its legitimacy?

Claiming heritage from older, more renowned Mesoamerican people.

What was the Mit’a system?

Required tha labor of all people for a period each year to work on state projects like mining or military.

What is the Mississippian culture?

Established in the Mississippian river and represented the first large-scale civilization in North America, developed around agriculture, hierarchical, mound building projects hosted religious ceremonies.

What was the Swahili civilization's main trade interest?

Merchants were interested in gold, ivory, and timber.

What is Great Zimbabwe?

Got rich by participating in the Indian ocean trade, one of the largest structures in Africa.

How did Ethiopia maintain power?

Rulers commissioned construction to stone churches to have power. Grew wealthy through trade in the mediterranean sea and Indian ocean network, trading salt. Centralized power

What is Eastern Orthodox Christianity?

Provided a structure for byzantine rulers to justify and consolidate their power structure.

What caused the Crusades?

Religion conflict among Catholics and Muslims.

What social, political, and economic system organized Western Europe during this period?

Feudalism

What is Manorialism?

Peasants were bound to land and worked it in exchange for protection from the lord and military forces.