PY102 Final Study Guide

These flashcards focus on the key concepts from the lecture regarding personal responsibility, the humanistic perspective, identity development, wellness, stress management, emotional intelligence, communication, and grief.

What does personal responsibility involve?

Accepting accountability for thoughts, actions, and choices, and actively shaping one's life in alignment with personal values and goals.

How does autonomy relate to independence?

Autonomy is the ability to make independent choices while considering the rights and perspectives of others.

What is the difference between autonomy, isolation, and rebellion?

Autonomy is about self-awareness and personal growth; isolation is disengagement; rebellion is a reaction against others' control.

Who is Alfred Adler and what is his contribution to the humanistic perspective?

Adler emphasized social orientation, creativity, and the idea that people are purpose-driven beings.

What are the main characteristics of a self-actualizing person according to Abraham Maslow?

Creativity, ethical awareness, spontaneity, humor, and love.

What is the significance of the WDEP model in Choice Theory?

W= Wants, D= Doing, E= Evaluation, P= Planning; it guides individuals in understanding and satisfying their needs.

What is psychological moratorium?

A period during adolescence for exploring identities before making major commitments.

How can body image be improved in a healthy way?

Through exercise, healthy eating, self-compassion, and appreciating the body's functional aspects.

What are the components of wellness?

Physical, emotional, and spiritual aspects of health.

What are effective stress management strategies mentioned in the notes?

Mindfulness, realistic goal-setting, deep relaxation, meditation, and yoga.

What is burnout and what are its commonly recognized signs?

A state of exhaustion characterized by fatigue, low energy, and feelings of helplessness.

How does resilience help individuals cope with stress?

Resilience allows individuals to withstand stressful events with minimal negative effects, acting as a shock absorber.

What is the difference between internal and external locus of control?

Internal locus emphasizes personal responsibility for outcomes; external locus attributes outcomes to external factors.

Define emotional intelligence.

The ability to perceive, access, generate, understand, and regulate emotions effectively.

What are the characteristics of assertive communication?

Honest and direct expression of thoughts and feelings while respecting others' rights and emotions.

What contributes to the emotional intimacy of a relationship?

Having separate identities, equal reciprocity, effective communication, and the willingness to work on the relationship.

What is the impact of societal expectations on body image?

Societal beauty standards can lead to pressure and inadequacy, affecting self-esteem and happiness.

What is solitude and how does it differ from loneliness?

Solitude is a chosen time for self-reflection and personal growth; loneliness is a feeling of disconnection from others.

What is logotherapy?

A therapeutic approach that helps individuals find meaning in life, cope with trauma, and clarify their values.

What is vicarious trauma?

The trauma experienced by helping professionals due to exposure to others' traumatic experiences.

What role do personal values play in decision-making?

Personal values guide actions and choices, influencing what one finds important in life.

Define self-actualization according to Maslow.

The process of realizing one's potential and personal growth, continuously striving to meet higher needs.

What is cognitive distortion?

Irrational thought patterns that negatively affect perception and emotional well-being.

What does emotional reasoning entail?

Believing that feelings dictate reality, leading to distorted perceptions and fears.

How can mindfulness help in stress management?

Mindfulness fosters present-moment awareness, acceptance, and reduces mental distractions.

What is the significance of effective 'I' statements in communication?

They help express feelings in a non-confrontational way, promoting understanding and clarity.

How does the environment influence resilience?

Supportive environments can enhance resilience by providing resources and encouragement.

What are maladaptive coping strategies?

Coping methods that are counterproductive and lead to long-term negative consequences.

Define intrinsic motivation in the context of work.

Motivation driven by personal enjoyment of the task rather than external rewards.

What are the stages of grief as per the notes?

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, and Acceptance.

How does the perception of wellness vary across cultures?

Different cultural values impact the understanding and prioritization of wellness.

What strategies can help prevent burnout?

Taking breaks, ensuring adequate sleep, and planning vacations.

How do beliefs influence self-fulfilling prophecies?

Beliefs shape actions that lead to outcomes consistent with those beliefs.

What is the role of self-compassion in improving body image?

Self-compassion encourages appreciation for oneself, improving overall body image and wellness.

Define the term emotional boundary in relationships.

The limits set around emotional interactions to protect personal feelings and well-being.

What is meant by 're-membering' in the context of grief?

Maintaining connections with deceased individuals through memories and shared experiences.

How can societal norms affect mental health?

Societal expectations can lead to mental health struggles when they conflict with personal well-being.

What contributes to the development of anxiety related to life purpose?

Existential anxiety involves questioning one's purpose and the meaning of life.

What is the importance of active listening in communication?

Active listening fosters understanding and connection by reflecting and validating what others say.

What is the task-based model of grieving?

Identifies physical, psychological, social, and spiritual tasks to navigate the grieving process.