BIOD 171 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS (2nd Version) with accurate solutions 2025

Match each of the following organelles with the correct description.

Nucleus

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Lysosomes

Chloroplasts

Contains Hydrolytic

Site of photosynthesis

Series of Membrane Enclosed sacs and interconnected tubes

Contains genetic material

Nucleus: Contains genomic material

Endoplasmic Reticulum:Series of membrane-enclosed sacs and interconnected tubes

Lysosomes: contains hydrolyitic

Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis.

Briefly explain how a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) forms an image of sub cellular organelles, substrates, and viral particles.

An image is formed from the interactions of electrons as they reflect off (not through) the surface of a specimen. Samples are then coated in gold to enhance the reflections.

Match each of the following diseases to the correct bacterial family.

Scalded Skin Syndrome

Bubonic Plague

Ophthalmia Neonatorium

Legionnaires

Yersina Pestis

Legionella

Staph Aureus

Staphylococcus

Scalded Skin Syndrome: Staph Aureus

Bubonic Plague: Yersina Pestis

Ophthalmia Neonatorium: Staphylococcus

Legionnaires: Legionella

Identify each of the following microorganisms as either a Prokaryote or a Eukaryote.

E. coli

Archaeons

Yeast

Ameoba

E.coli: Prokaryote

Archaeons: Prokaryote

Yeast:Eukaryote

Ameoba: Eukaryote

Match each of the following terms with the correct description.

Phototroph

Lithograph

Autotroph

Chemotroph

Removes electrons form inorganic molecules

Aquires energy from--

Obtains their source software carbon from inorganic molecules

Utilizes protons

Phototroph: Utilizes protons

Lithotroph: removes electrons from inorganic molecules

Autotroph: Obtains their source software carbon from inorganic molecules

Chemotroph: Aquire energy from

A researcher is looking to determine the source of contamination of a patient that presented with symptoms of food poisoning. To best determine between E.coli or Salmonella as the cause, what type eof agar will be used to isolate the growth of each?

Differential Media

Enriched Media

Selective Media

Selective and Differential Media

Differential media.

Place the following viral life cycle STEPS in ORDER beginning with viral attachment and provide a description of ENTRY.

Uncoating:

Release

Replication

Attachment

Entry

New Infection

1. Attachment

2.Entry: the virus fuses with the host membrane and enters the cell

3. Uncoating

4. Replication

5. Release

6. New infection

The Gram stain differentiates between bacteria based on the composition of their _______________________

Cell wall

Left untreated, three percent of cases of Streptococcal pharyngitis will progress to which of the following?

Rheumatic fever

Describe TWO differences between DNA and RNA

-RNA contains the sugar ribose rather than deoxyribose.

-RNA is always single-stranded, whereas DNA is double-stranded.

True or False. If the statement is false, change it to make it true.

When grown on Blood Agar Plates (BAP), microbes capable of alpha hemolysis present as greenish-brown color colonies due to incomplete (partial) lysis of red blood cells.

True.

Each of the following statements about glycolysis is true, EXCEPT:

The net gain is 4 ATP

Describe the ONE main difference between lytic and temperate phages

Lytic phages replicate within the host bacteria until it ruptures, whereas temperate phages primarily exist in a non-replicative state that does not kill the host cell.

Bacteria that have a curved rod morphology are referred to as ________________

Vibrio

You want to observe the movement of microorganisms that are present in a sample of cheek cells obtained on a patient. Briefly explain the technique that you would use and how it is performed.

A wet mount stain is indicated- a small liquid culture containing the microorganism of interest is prepared, added to the slide, then covered with a glass coverslip.

(coverslip is there to protect the specimen and to hold the microorganism in place, and wet mount is used to observe the motility and behavior of the microorganism.

What coronavirus-associated infection gave rise to quarantining and travel restrictions in 2003?

RSV

ARDS

SARS

MERS

COVID-19

SARS

Match each type of agar plate to the corresponding general characteristics of each.

A multi-purpose media capable of growing a wide variety of micro-organisms

Trpticase Soy Agar

Match each type of agar plate to the corresponding general characteristics of each.

Also known as Lysogeny broth, it is a multi-purpose media capable of growing a wide variety of micro-organisms

LB Agar

Match each type of agar plate to the corresponding general characteristics of each.

Pale red in color and is both selective and differential media. The presence of crystal violet and bile salts in its formulation restricts Gram-positive bacterial growth. As such, only Gram-negative microbes can be grown.

MacConkey Agar

Match each type of agar plate to the corresponding general characteristics of each.

This Agar is selective for Gram-positive bacteria and can differentiate members of the Staphylococci family.

Mannitol Salt Agar

True or false. If the statement is false, change it to make it true.

Leprosy can move through the blood to other areas including the brain, spine, and kidneys.

False. It is not leprosy, it is TB.

TB can move through the blood to the other areas including the brain, spine, and kidneys.

True or false. If the statement is false, change it to make it true.

Proteins can function to catalyze biochemical processes and play a role in structure, but they cannot enable movement.

False. They CAN enable movement.

You are working with a patient who claims a friend "got the COVID-19 infection from the vaccine." Explain why the viral vector vaccine used to prevent the COVID-19 infection cannot transmit the actual infection.

The genome in the viral vector only ENCODES for a spike protein and not the other components of the virus.

Match each type of microscopy with the correct description.

The simplest form of light, or optical, microscopes. Light, most often emitted from a standard halogen bulb, enters the microscope from the base (bottom) and is reflected via mirrors towards the sample.

Bright Field Microscope.

Match each type of microscopy with the correct description.

Incoming light is in the form of the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum.

Fluorescence Microscope

Match each type of microscopy with the correct description.

Can provide detailed images of live cells without staining.

Phase Contrast microscope.

Match each type of microscopy with the correct description.

Use of beams of electrons (rather than light) to increase its resolution capacity to less than 1nm that's 200x.

Electron Microscope.

Match each type of microscopy with the correct description.

Combines the usefulness of fluorescence microscopy with the ability to visualize cells in 3-D.

Confocal Microscope

Match each type of microscopy with the correct description.

This microscope reflects light off of the specimen at an angle rather than light passing through the specimen.

Dark field microscope.

Which of the following reactions is an example of a hydrolase?

A. A+B ---> A-B

B. A-B + H20----> A-OH + B-H

C. A ---- + B -----> A + B----

D. Ab + C --->.A + Cb

B. A-B + H20----> A-OH + B-H

Which region in a four phase dilutional streak contains the highest concentration of a microbial organism? Describe the technique that is used in pulling the sample from one phase to the next.

Highest to lowest- the first phase of the quadrant streak contains the highest concentration.

Using a sterile loop, part of the sample is pulled from region 1 to region 2, then repeated again each time using a new sterile loop.

Identify the following disease based upon the physical manifestation

Anthrax

Which of the following is/are true of Animalia? (Select all that apply)

They can be unicellular or multicellular

They are autotrophic

They possess the ability to move

Humans are an example

They possess the ability to move

Humans are an example

Each of the following statements about measles, mumps and rubella is true, EXCEPT:

Infect the CNS (central nervous system), leading to temporary or permanent paralysis

Spread via airborne particles while coughing, sneezing, etc.

Caused by linear, single-stranded enveloped RNA virus

Immunity provided by inoculation with a vaccine

Infect the CNS (central nervous system) leading to temporary or permanent paralysis

There has been an outbreak of Staph Aureus within a local cleaning business. The employer is trying to determine which of the two companies has not been using sterile precautions when cleaning. To hep determine who is responsible for insanity practices, a researcher streaks the isolated bacterial samples from each company onto MSA agar. After incubating the samples overnight at 37 degrees celsius, briefly explain how he will interpret the results of his samples.

Sample showing only colorless colonies growing on red agar would indicate the presence of non-pathogenic bacteria, while a sample showing a yellow agar would indicate the presence of staph aureus.

True or false. If the statement is false change it to make it true.

The metabolism of a lipid-derived carbon atom will yield more ATP than a molecule of glucose.

True

Giemsa staining is used to detect each of the following. EXCEPT:

Neisseria Gonorrhea

Histoplasma

Chlamydia Trachomatis

Malaria

Neisseria Gonorrhea

What STD is caused by Gram-negative, diplococci, fastidious bacteria that may result in cardiac and neurological complications?

Gonorrhea